| 1. 难度：中等 | |
|
Every new parent knows that rocking can calm that uneasy baby when it’s time to take a nap. But the benefits of gentle movement may go beyond the baby stage. Because two new studies show that rocking also helps grown-ups, both human and mouse, get a good night’s sleep. What should be no surprise is that movement can calm someone. Think of how many times you’ve fallen asleep on a train. But can motion really cause a nap, and make for a deeper sleep? To find out, researchers invited 18 healthy volunteers for a sleepover. “So they came to the lab and slept one time on the motionless, normal bed. And one night where they got rocked.” said Aurore Perrault, a sleep researcher at the University of Geneva in Switzerland. “And what we find is that when compared to a motionless night, a whole night of rocking sleep has a beneficial effect not only on sleep beginning but also on sleep continuity. “Subjects who were rocked also did better on a memory test the next morning than the stiller sleepers. In the second study, Kompotis, a student at the University of Lausanne, rocked a group of mice. “Whether rocking affects sleep in other species was never before discussed. So the main questions for our study were whether rocking affects sleep in mice and what is the possible system? ” Kompotis placed the mouse cages on a platform that moved from side to side. Though mice were rocked four times faster than their human counterparts—a frequency of one back-and-forth per second, or 1 Hertz, worked best—the results were strikingly similar. “During rocking at 1 Hertz, time spent asleep increased, and mice fell asleep twice as fast as at still condition.” However, additional studies could allow the researchers to identify a new aim for treating sleep disorders, including insomnia (失眠). If you want a good night’s sleep, you might think about adding a little swing to your night-time routine. 1.What’s the purpose of the second study in the passage? A.To do research on the sleep system of other species. B.To see whether rocking affects sleep of other species. C.To discuss in which case rocking affects baby’s sleep. D.To study the influence of rocking on sleep disorders. 2.What do we know about the mice in Paragraph 5? A.Their sleeping time went up when rocked at 1 Hertz. B.Their sleep disorder including insomnia was treated. C.When rocked, they fell asleep four times faster than at still condition. D.When rocked, they slept faster than their human counterparts. 3.What’s the best title of the passage? A.Rocking Helps Grown-ups Sleep Too. B.Deep Sleep Needs the Constant Swing. C.Rocking Greatly Affects Deep Sleep. D.Rocking Can Treat Sleep Disorders.
|
|
| 2. 难度：简单 | |
|
At a young age, Patti Wilson was told by her doctor that she was an epileptic (癫痫病患者). Her father, Jim Wilson, is a morning jogger. She ran with her father every day. After a few weeks, she told her father, “Daddy, what I’d really love to do is to break the world’s long-distance running record for women.” Her father checked the Guinness World Records and found that the farthest any woman had run was 80 miles. As a freshman in high school, Patti announced, “I’m going to run from Orange County up to San Francisco.”(A distance of 400 miles.) “As a sophomore (二年级学生),” she went on, “I’m going to run to Portland, Oregon.”(Over 1,500-miles.) “As a junior, I’ll run to St. Louis.”(About 2,000 miles.) “As a senior, I’ll run to the White House.”(More than 3,000 miles away.) In view of her handicap (缺陷), Patti was as ambitious as she was enthusiastic, but she said she looked at the handicap of being an epileptic as simply “an inconvenience”. She focused not on what she had lost, but on what she had left. That year she completed her run to San Francisco wearing a T-shirt that read, “I Love Epileptics.” In her sophomore year, Patti’s classmates got behind her. They built a large poster that read — “Run, Patti, Run!” On her second marathon (马拉松), a doctor told her she had to stop. “Doctor, you don’t understand,” she said. “I’m doing it to break the chains on the brains that limit so many others.” She finished the run to Portland, completing her last mile with the governor of Oregon. After four months of almost continuous running from the West Coast to the East Coast, Patti arrived in Washington and shook the hand of the then President of the United States. She told him, “I wanted people to know that epileptics are normal human beings with normal lives.” Because of Patti’s efforts, enough money had been raised to open up 19 multi-million-dollar epileptic centers around the country. If Patti Wilson can do so much with so little, what can you do to outperform (超越) yourself in a state of total wellness? 1.How did Patti look at her illness? A.She thought of it as a gift. B.She devoted all her attention to it. C.She faced it with discouragement. D.She considered it a small difficulty. 2.What did Patti do when a doctor asked her to stop her run? A.She continued without quitting. B.She focused on her treatment. C.She followed his advice. D.She asked for her classmates’ assistance. 3.Why did the author ask the question in the last paragraph? A.To ask readers to answer it. B.To get inactive people to run. C.To encourage deep thinking. D.To show his view on success.
|
|
| 3. 难度：中等 | |
|
Following the outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP), also named COVID-19 by WHO, there is a general fear of the unknown virus as its full effects remain to be seen. Fever, coughing, sore throat, difficulty breathing —the NCP’s symptoms are similar to the common cold or the flu, but it’s potentially more dangerous.
Viruses could be deadly, like HIV and Ebola. But what are viruses? How can they cause so much trouble? Viruses are non-living organisms (有机体) approximately one-millionth of an inch long. Unlike human cells or bacteria, they can’t reproduce on their own. Instead, they invade the cells of living organisms to reproduce, spread and take over. Viruses can infect every living thing – from plants and animals down to the smallest bacteria. For this reason, they always have the potential to be dangerous to human life. Sometimes a virus can cause a disease so serious that it is fatal. Other viral infections trigger no noticeable reaction. Viruses lie around our environment all of the time, waiting for a host cell to come along. They can enter our bodies by the nose, mouth, eyes or breaks in the skin. Once inside, they try to find a host cell to infect. For example, HIV, which causes AIDS, attacks the T-cells of the immune system. But the basic question is, where did viruses first come from? Until now, no clear explanation for their origin exists. “Tracing the origins of viruses is difficult”, Ed Rybicki, a virologist (病毒学家) at the University of Cape Town in South Africa, told Scientific American, “because viruses don’t leave fossils and because of the tricks they use to make copies of themselves within the cells they’ve invaded”. However, there are three main hypotheses (假说) to explain the origin of viruses. First, viruses started as independent organisms, then became parasites (寄生者). Second, viruses evolved from pieces of DNA or RNA that “escaped” from larger organisms. Third, viruses co-evolved with their host cells, which means they existed alongside these cells. For the time being, these are only theories. The technology and evidence we have today cannot be used to test these theories and identify the most plausible explanation. Continuing studies may provide us with clearer answers. Or future studies may reveal that the answer is even murkier (含糊不清的) than it now appears. 1.What can we learn about viruses from the text? A.Viruses have nothing to do with the common cold. B.Viruses are really small living organisms. C.Viruses can’t reproduce unless they find a host cell. D.Viruses enter our bodies mainly through the mouth, nose and hair. 2.Which of the following might explain the origin of viruses? A.They evolved from the fossils of large organisms. B.They evolved from parasites into independent organisms. C.They evolved from the T-cells in animals. D.They evolved along with their host cells. 3.The underlined word “plausible” in the last paragraph probably means ________. A.reasonable B.common C.creative D.unbelievable 4.What can we conclude from the text? A.Viruses live longer in human host cells than in animals’. B.Viruses will become more like bacteria as they evolve. C.It may take a long time to understand the origin of viruses. D.The author is optimistic about future virus research.
|
|
| 4. 难度：简单 | |
|
How to improve your studies—scientifically Our brain can possibly memorize 2. 5 petabytes（千兆）of information. In order to use some of that surprising capacity（能力）a little more effectively when you learn, here are some tips that are based on widely-accepted research by learning experts. 1. Some enjoy watching videos over reading books, others study with friends, and some like sitting in silence among a million books. Everybody is different. Hard things first 2. , so do the things that are difficult first. Once you are done with the hard things, you will feel better for the rest of the day, and probably more motivated to get other things done. Space（分隔开）your studies 3. . Facts or vocabularies, for example, are best learned if you review them the first time one to two days after the study, and then again after one week, and after one month. Instant self-test After your study, finish up with a quick quiz. Immediate recall in the form of a test or a short summary on what you’ve just learned can increase retention（记忆力）by as much as 30%. 4., that extra effort creates deeper traces（痕迹）in your memory. Don’t force it Motivation is like hunger. You cannot force yourself to be motivated, just like you can’t tell someone else to be hungry. So, if you are not hungry right now, don’t worry. 5.. A.Take fun seriously B.Find your own style C.Take a break, and do something else D.Good memory can grow your brain’s potential E.Because it’s much harder for your brain to remember than to read F.Like most people you have the strongest willpower in the morning. G.to remember things for a longer time, repeat the material after taking several breaks
|
|
| 5. 难度：中等 | |
|
I used to live in the country. My neighbor Carl was a knowledgeable, self-taught man and just _______ him was a blessing. Each day, I'd spend some time on his porch (门廊), just _______ life with him. I often _______ a lot through talking with him. One day, I found that his brother Tom had the same wisdom, too. That day, while I was showing the _______ towards someone I knew, Carl's brother Tom drove up. Tom was an old country boy. He sat chewing, _______ and listening and then declared his truth slowly. _______ I paused from my bad-mouthing for a moment, Tom said, "Have you ever _______ when you got your finger pointing out at someone, there are three fingers on the very same _______ just pointing back at yourself?" I _______ and told Tom that he had just saved me thousands of dollars. He gave me such wisdom right there and I didn't even have to go off to India and ________ with some foreign master! I also joked that going to India would be ________ because I was poor. It was still amazing to me how that one little moment, that ________ statement changed my life. I immediately started ________ what I was saying about others. Yes, it was true whatever I said, I was ________ talking about myself! Holding my tongue while I waited for the kinder, gentler, ________ feelings to surface in my mind burnt off something ________ and self-doubt I stored inside for years. On that day, I began to really look at myself and be truthful about how I created my life, and my relationships where I looked for payoffs, rewards and________. Ten minutes later, I wrote this ________ and a friend of mine sent me a(n) ________ appropriate poem. It was appropriate in an unexpected way. Here is the poem: Watch your thoughts; they become words. Watch your words; they become actions. Watch your actions; they become ________. Watch them; they become characters. Watch your character; it becomes your destiny. 1.A.raising B.knowing C.coaching D.assisting 2.A.taking over B.referring to C.turning to D.talking about 3.A.required B.expressed C.learned D.showed 4.A.interest B.annoyance C.affection D.appreciation 5.A.interpreting B.regretting C.shouting D.thinking 6.A.Though B.Therefore C.When D.Unless 7.A.imagined B.noticed C.informed D.explained 8.A.hand B.face C.foot D.head 9.A.feared B.screamed C.escaped D.laughed 10.A.live B.perform C.tour D.study 11.A.horrible B.simple C.costly D.exhausting 12.A.ancient B.wise C.familiar D.original 13.A.paying attention to B.looking down upon C.making use of D.looking forward to 14.A.gradually B.hardly C.actually D.never 15.A.boring B.angry C.meaningless D.harmless 16.A.confident B.painful C.enthusiastic D.meaningful 17.A.attention B.action C.shock D.sorrow 18.A.notion B.document C.report D.story 19.A.roughly B.probably C.amazingly D.slightly 20.A.dreams B.habits C.thoughts D.words
|
|
| 6. 难度：中等 | |
|
假设你是李华，你喜爱的英语学习报 Colorful English 创刊五周年之际征集读者意见，请你根据以下内容给主编写封信,主要包括： 1. 说明你是该报的忠实读者 2. 说明该报优点：1）刊登国际新闻 2）提供音频二维码 3. 提出建议：增加外国文学欣赏 注意： 1. 词数80左右。 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 3. 参考词汇： 周年 anniversary 二维码 QR code Dear Editor-in-Chief, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours LiHua
|
|
| 7. 难度：中等 | |
|
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 CLEAN UP YOUR BUTTS AND BAGS All sorts of items become litter, but two of the most common and most dangerous are cigarette butts and plastic bags. Litter is a big problem for our environment, but it is a problem that individuals can easily do something about. Not littering at all or cleaning up litter, such as cigarette butts and plastic bags, greatly improves the quality of our environment. Although cigarette butts are small, they are bad for the environment. Over 1,600 billion cigarettes are smoked each year in China and large quantities of the butts are thrown away. Worldwide, about 4.5 trillion butts are littered every year. Apart from the fact that butts spoil the beauty of the environment, they contain some very toxic chemicals. These find their way into the water supply where they decrease the quality of the water and endanger plants and animals that live there. Because there are so many butts and because they can take up to 5 years to break down, the toxic chemicals add up to a large amount. So, if people have to smoke, they should not throw away the butts but put them in the rubbish bin instead. Plastic bags are another common form of litter that is a danger to the environment. There are several reasons for this. They are made from oil and gas, which are non-renewable resources, if they are not recycled, these resources are lost to us. In China, 2 billion plastic bags are used every day. An enormous number of these become litter. This is a huge problem because they last from 20 to 1,000 years in the environment. They float easily in air and water and travel long distances. They find their way to rivers, parks, beaches and oceans. Plastic bags kill up to one million seabirds, 100,000 sea mammals and countless fish each year worldwide. When the animal dies and breaks down, the plastic bag can become free again to kill another animal. It is up to people not to let plastic bags become litter. It would be better if they used fewer and recycled them. Cleaning up your cigarette butts and plastic bags would improve the environment. The earth would be a better place because it would be less polluted. And we would know that we were doing something to look after our planet. However, I believe the best solution would be not to smoke or use plastic bags at all. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|
|
