A Brown University sleep researcher has some advice for people who run high schools: Don’t start classes so early in the morning. It may not be that the students who nod off at their desks are lazy. And it may not be that their parents have failed to enforce(确保) bedtime. Instead, it may be that biologically(生物学上)these sleepyhead(贪睡者)students aren’t used to the early hour.
“Maybe these kids are being asked to rise at the wrong time for their bodies,” says Mary Carskadon, a professor looking at problem of adolescent (青春期的)sleep at Brown’s School of Medicine.
Carskadon is trying to understand more about the effects of early school time in adolescents. And, at a more basic level, she and her team are trying to learn more about how the biological changes of adolescence affect sleep needs and patterns(方式).
Carskadon says her work suggests that adolescents may need more sleep than they did at childhood, no less, as commonly thought.
Sleep patterns change during adolescence, as any parent of an adolescent can prove. Most adolescents prefer to stay up later at night and sleep later in the morning. But it’s not just a matter of choice---their bodies are going through a change of sleep patterns.
All of this makes the transfer(迁移)from middle school to high school---which may start one hour earlier in the morning----all the more difficult, Carskadon says. With their increased need for sleep and their biological clocks set on the “sleep late, rise late” pattern, adolescents are up against difficulties when they try to be up by 5 or 6 a.m. for a 7:30 a.m. first bell. A short sleep on a desktop may be their body’s way of saying. “I need a timeout.”
1.Carskadon suggests that high schools should not start classes so early in the morning because _______.
A．it is really tough for parents to enforce bedtime
B．it is biologically difficult for students to rise early
C．students work so late at night that they can’t get up early
D．students are so lazy that they don’t like to go to school early
2.The underlined phrase nod off most probably means _______.
A．turn around B．agree with others C．fall asleep D．refuse to work
3.What might be a reason for the hard transfer from middle school to high school?
A．Adolescents depend more on their parents.
B．Adolescents have to choose their sleep patterns.
C．Adolescents sleep better than they did at childhood.
D．Adolescents need more sleep than they used to.
4.What is the test mainly about?
A．Adolescent health care.
B．Problems in adolescent learning.
C．Adolescent sleep difficulties.
D．Changes in adolescent sleep needs and patterns.
For the 17 years my life was very happy. Then the first sad thing happened. My mother became very ill. Just before she died, she asked Elizabeth and me to go to her room. She said, “Victor and Elizabeth, I’m very happy because you love each other, and because one day you’ll get married. Everyone in the family loves you, Elizabeth. Will you take my place in the family, my dear? I can die happy if you look after them when I have gone.”
My mother died and we were very sad, because we loved her so much. Elizabeth was brave and helped us; her sweet smile gave us some happiness in the unhappy days after my mother’s death. The time came for me to go to university(大学). I didn’t want to leave my sad family, but we all knew that I should go. It was hard to leave, too, because the parents of my good friend Henry would not let him go to university with me. So I had gone alone.
On my first day at university I met Professor Waldman. He gave a wonderful talk to all the students. He ended his talk by saying, “Some of you will become the greatest scientists of tomorrow. You must study hard and discover everything that you can.”
After the professor’s talk, I thought very carefully. I remembered the storm when I was 15; I remembered how the lightning had destroyed the tree. From then on, I wanted to use electricity to help people, and I wanted to discover the secrets of life. I decided to work on these two things.
I started to work the next day. I worked very hard and soon Professor Waldman and I realized that I could learn to be a very good scientist.
The professor and other important scientists helped me. I was interested in my work and I did not take one day’s holiday during the next two years. After two years, I had discovered many things and I built a scientific machine that was the best in the university. My machine would help me answer the most important question of all. How does life begin? Is it possible to put life into dead things? To answer these questions about life I had to learn first about death. I had to watch bodies from the moment when they died and the warm life left them. In the hospital and in the university, I watched the dying and the dead. Day after day, month after month, I followed death, so it was a dark and terrible time.
I built a tall mast(桅杆)about 150 metres high, which is higher than the tallest building in the city, to catch lightning and send the electricity down to my machine in the lab. I believed I could use that electricity to give life to things that were dead.
Then one day, the answer came to me. Suddenly I was sure that I knew the secret of life.
1.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Elizabeth married shortly after Victor’s mother died.
B．Elizabeth was a brave girl who loved Victor and gave him much help.
C．Victor’s mother was very angry when she knew he loved Elizabeth.
D．Victor did not want to leave his family because his mother died not long before.
2.Victor did all the following during his research in the university EXCEPT that ______.
A．he discovered many things and built a scientific machine
B．he learnt much about death both in the hospital and in the university
C．he worked hard and took only one day’s holiday during the next two years
D．he built a tall mast to catch lightning and send the electricity down to the lab
3.According to the writer, the secret of life is to _______.
A．give life to things that were dead
B．build the best machine to learn about death
C．use electricity to help others
D．become the greatest scientist of tomorrow
4.Which is the correct order about the life of Victor?
① Victor’s mother passed away.
② Victor got help from the professor and other scientists.
③ Victor went to university and attended the professor’s talk.
④ Victor found the answer to giving life to things that were dead.
⑤ Victor experienced a storm, seeing the lightning destroying the tree.
A．①②③④⑤ B．⑤①②④③
C．①③②⑤④ D．⑤①③②④
A passenger(乘客) told an air hostess that he needed a cup of water to take his medicine when the plane just took off. She said to him that she would bring him the water in ten minutes.
The air hostess was kept so busy that she forgot to give him the water. As a result, the passenger was held up to take his medicine. Thirty minutes later, when the passenger’s ring for service sounded, the air hostess hurried over to him with a cup of water, but he refused it.
In the following hours on the plane, each time the air hostess passed the passenger, she would ask him with a smile whether he needed help or not. But the passenger never replied to her.
When the passenger was going to get off the plane, he asked the air hostess to hand him the passenger’ booklet. She knew that he would write down sharp words about her job,but with a smile she handed it to him.
Off the plane, the air hostess opened the booklet, and smiled because the passenger wrote, “On the flight, you asked me whether I needed help or not for twelve times in all. How can I refuse your twelve sincere smiles?”
1.The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refers to the________.
A．medicine B．water C．cup D．booklet
2.At the end of the story, we know the passenger was ________ with the air hostess.
A．pleased B．unhappy C．angry D．bored
She is a beautiful red-haired girl. She has been shopping with her Mom in Wal-Mart. It was 1 outside. We all stood there under the 2 , just outside the door.
Her voice was so sweet that it 3 the dull (沉闷的) surroundings (环境). “Mom, let’s run through the rain,” she said.
“What?” Mom asked.
“Let’s run through the rain!” she repeated.
“No, honey. We’ll wait 4 it slows down a bit,” Mom replied.
This young child waited about another 5 and repeated: “Mom, let’s run through the rain.”
“We’ll get wet if we do,” Mom said.
“No, we won’t, Mom. That’s not what you said this morning,” the young girl said as she 6 her Mom’s arm.
“This morning? When did I say we could run through the rain and not get wet?”
“Don’t you remember? When you were 7 to Daddy about his cancer, you said, ‘If God can get us through this, he can get us through 8 !”
The crowd became 9 . Nothing could be heard but the rain. No one came or left in the next few minutes.
Mom thought for a moment about what she would say. “Honey, you are right. Let’s run through the rain. If we get wet, maybe we’ll just need to get a wash.” Mom said.
Then off they ran. People all stood watching, smiling and laughing as they rushed past the cars and through the puddles(水坑). They held their shopping bags over their heads. They got wet through. But they were 10 by a few who laughed like children all the way to their cars.
People can take away your money and health. But no one can ever take away your memories… So don’t forget to make time to make memories every day.
1. A．blowing B．pouring C．falling D．raising
2. A．shelter B．tent C．curtain D．window
3. A．filled B．covered C．matched D．broke
4. A．unless B．until C．if D．when
5. A．time B．second C．minute D．hour
6. A．pulled B．raised C．bent D．moved
7. A．complaining B．lying C．reporting D．talking
8. A．that B．something C．anything D．nothing
9. A．sad B．nervous C．silent D．worried
10. A．led B．followed C．rushed D．sent
Thank you so much for the book you sent me. _______.
A．No, thanks.
B．I’m glad you like it
C．Please don’t say so
D．No, it’s not so good
---Excuse me, Sir. But smoking is not allowed here.
---Sorry, I didn’t see the sign. I’ll _______ my cigarette at once.
A．put out B．put away C．put up D．put off
