When an animal helps another animal, it usually gets something valuable in return. For a long time, many scientists thought that only people could act generously just because it feels good.
However, a new study in Germany suggests that chimpanzees (黑猩猩)also do good things for no real reason. And so do children who are as young as 18 months of age. Maybe it is because humans and chimpanzees share an ancestor(祖先) about 6 million years ago.
People and chimpanzees appear to develop such features(特征) without any other training, says Warneken, a scientist in Germany. Warneken and his partners worked on adult chimpanzees that live on an island in the African country of Uganda. They also worked with 18-month-old children in Germany. The researchers performed three experiments on the adult chimpanzees and two experiments on the kids. In the first animal experiment，a person tried to reach his arm into a cage to get a stick，but he couldn’t reach it. A chimpanzee was in the cage，and it could reach the stick if it wanted to.
Thirty-six chimpanzees took part in this experiment one by one, and no chimpanzee saw what the other chimpanzees had done. Even though the animals hadn’t met the person before, they usually took the stick and gave it to the person. What’s more, they did this whether or not the person offered them bananas as a reward. In a similar experiment, 36 children acted in a similar way. They helped the person reach the stick, whether or not they were offered toys for their help.
Researchers did other experiments on chimpanzees and babies. No rewards were offered in either experiment. And still, both the chimpanzees and children went out of their way to help. Still, the new study is different from earlier findings. Researchers have found that chimpanzees don’t give rewards of food to other chimpanzees, even if it costs them nothing to be generous.
1.Warneken and his partners worked with ________.
A．young chimpanzee that live on an island
B．18-month-old children who live in Germany
C．kids who are living with adult chimpanzees
D．adult chimpanzees that live on the African mountain
2.A new study in Germany suggests that ________.
A．people also share information for good reason
B．children know something at the age of 18 months
C．chimpanzees do good things for no real reason, too
D．humans should develop their abilities 6 million years ago
3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage？
A．Thirty-six chimpanzees joined in this experiment one by one
B．No chimpanzee saw what the other chimpanzees had done
C．The animals hadn’t met the person before the experiments
D．Chimpanzee gave the person the stick in order to get a reward
4.From the passage we know that ________.
A．both chimpanzees and children can find their way to help others
B．chimpanzees will reward good food to other chimpanzees
C．children is more generous than chimpanzees in some ways
D．both chimpanzees and children can do the difficult experiments
It is common to believe that learning just takes place in school, but much of human learning happens outside the classroom, even from birth and people continue to learn throughout their lives.
Even before they enter school, young children learn to walk, to talk, and to use their hands to use toys, food, and other objects. They use all of their senses to learn about the sights, sounds, tastes, and smells in their environments. They learn how to communicate with their parents, grandparents, siblings, friends, and other people important to their world. When they enter school, children learn subjects like reading, writing, and maths. They also continue to learn a lot outside the classroom. They learn which behaviors are likely to be rewarded and which are likely to be punished. They learn social skills for communicating with other children. After they finish school, people must learn to deal with many changes that affect their lives, such as getting married, raising children, and finding and keeping a job.
Because learning continues throughout our lives and influences almost everything we do, the study of learning is important in many different fields. Teachers need to understand the best ways to educate children. Scientists, social workers and other human service workers need to understand how certain experiences change people’s behaviors.
Learning is closely related (相关的) to memory, which is the storage(储存) of information in the brain (大脑). Scientists who study memory are interested in how the brain stores knowledge, where this storage takes place, and how the brain later offers knowledge when we need it. However, scientists who study learning are more interested in behavior and how behavior changes as a result of a person’s experiences.
1.The underlined word “siblings” in Paragraph 2 probably means _________.
A．teachers B．classmates C．doctors D．brothers or sisters
2.When do children begin to know to behave well according to the passage?
A．After they go into society. B．Before they enter school.
C．When they are at school. D．Before they are born.
3.Which of the following is WRONG according to the passage?
A．As a matter of fact, learning begins at a person’s birth and last the whole life.
B．Teachers need to understand the best ways to educate their students.
C．People need to understand how certain experiences change their behaviors.
D．Social workers need to study how experiences affect people’s thoughts.
“The zoo has money problem,” Grandmother Sandy said.
Angel listened. She heard that Fresno’s Chaffee Zoo didn’t have enough money to take care of its animals.
Angel loved animals. She planned to study them when she grew up. Angel’s family had four cats. Angel took good care of them and made sure that they always had food and water.
Angel felt sorry for the zoo animals. While the others in the family were cooking dinner, Angel was cooking up a way to help the animals. She decided to write a letter to show how she felt. At the end of the letter, she wrote: “Give a dollar, help an animal.” She sent the letter and a dollar to The Fresno Bee, a local newspaper.
A few days after that, Angel’s letter was published. Almost immediately, people began sending in money. Angel’s letter was having effect!
At school, Angel went to each classroom to read the letter that appeared on the newspaper. She asked students in her school to give money to the zoo. Next, Angel was asked to appear on television. She was invited to be on a popular talk show.
The workers in the zoo were very happy. Ray Navarro is the person most responsible(有责任的)for the animals. “Angel opened the eyes of Fresno,” said Ray. “She made us see that people can make a difference.”
1.By saying “Angel was cooking up a way to help the animals”, the writer means ___________
A．Angel wanted to cook the animals for food
B．Angel was cooking a meal for the animals
C．Angel wanted to help the animals to run away
D．Angel was thinking of an idea to help the animals
2.Which is the correct order of the following events?
a. Angel appeared on television. b. People began sending in money.
c. Angel’s letter was published. d. Angel asked her schoolmates to give money.
e. Angel wrote the letter to a local newspaper.
A．c-a-b-e-d B．e-a-b-d-c C．e-c-b-d-a D．b-d-e-c-a
3.Ray Navarro thought that Angel _________.
A．was most responsible for the animals B．was good at making animals happy
C．helped the people in Fresno D．could cure blind people
Woodland International Summer School
Our International Summer School has been designed to provide a complete British experience. Here pupils not only learn English but come face-to-face with history in some of Europe’s oldest cultural centres. They can also enjoy exciting activities.
About the 2013 Course
This course is designed for boys and girls from 10-16 years and provides a wonderful chance to experience life in a traditional British boarding(寄宿) school.
English Lessons
Our programme provides 24 hours of English teaching each week. Students study grammar, writing, speaking, listening, reading, and comprehension. They can practice their new skills while interviewing visitors and local people in the town of Woodland and villages around.
Excursions(远足) & Entertainment
Each week includes cultural and activity trips. In 2013 our excursion will be to:
12th July—Manchester
19th July—York
26th July—Edinburgh
2nd August—Liverpool
Dates & Price
|
No. of Course |
Arrive |
Leave |
Course Fee |
|
1 |
Sunday 8/7 |
Saturday 21/7 |
￡1900 |
|
2 |
Sunday 8/7 |
Saturday 28/7 |
￡2850 |
|
3 |
Sunday 8/7 |
Saturday 4/8 |
￡3800 |
|
4 |
Sunday 15/7 |
Saturday 28/7 |
￡1900 |
|
5 |
Sunday 15/7 |
Saturday 4/8 |
￡2850 |
|
6 |
Sunday 22/7 |
Saturday 4/8 |
￡1900 |
Contact Us
Woodland School, Cumbria, LA10 5HG， UK
TEL: (+44)1-539-622-613(overseas) or 01539622613 (UK)
EMAIL: enquiries@woodlandsummerschool. Org
1.The main purpose of the summer school is to help the students _____________.
A．get used to boarding school life B．improve their English skills
C．learn about the town of Woodland D．develop their abilities to live
2.If you want to visit Liverpool during the 2013 Course, you can’t attend _________.
A．Course No. 3 B．Course No. 4 C．Course No. 5 D．Course No. 6
3.This advertisement is used to attract children from 10-16 years ______________.
A．in Britain B．all over Europe
C．in Woodland D．all over the world
On the evening of last Sunday while I was reviewing my lessons in my room, it suddenly began to rain. 1 as usual, I stopped to listen to the rhythm（韵律）of the rain. For many years, whenever it rains, I couldn’t 2 listening to it and thinking of the garden in which I spent my childhood（童年） in my hometown.
When I was a little girl, my family lived in a big house with a big garden in the countryside. The garden was full of flowers and 3 , with some bamboo in front of the wall. Whenever it rained, I 4 to sit in the front of the house, listening to the rhythm of the rain and watching the 5 raindrops（雨点）.
When small drops of rain fall from the heaven in a row（持续不断地）, they 6 a curtain made up of pearls（珍珠）; when the raindrops 7 the ground, a lot of small sprays（水花）will splash（溅出）and then disappear slowly.
I have been 8 interested in watching such a scene. Listening to the rhythm of the rain, I feel calm and peaceful in my heart. This feeling of peace makes me think a lot about life. We are the 9 of the earth, and one day we will embrace（拥抱）our earth and stay with her forever. Life is short and we should treasure it.
Listening to the rhythm of the rain, I learn to understand the 10 of life.
1. A．Surprised B．Sad C．Excited D．Angry
2. A．stand B．stop C．like D．think
3. A．leaves B．animals C．children D．trees
4. A．happened B．wanted C．wished D．used
5. A．falling B．singing C．fallen D．broken
6. A．make B．form C．cause D．rise
7. A．see B．get C．reach D．cover
8. A．always B．never C．sometimes D．seldom
9. A．children B．owner C．friends D．master
10. A．length B．meaning C．number D．quality
—“Les Miserables” is a wonderful film.
—_______. I’ve never seen such a moving film before.
A．I’m afraid that’s not true B．I don’t’ like it at all
C．I’m not sure if you are right D．I think so, too.
