Question

Cause and effect is one way to explain things that happen around us. Many things happen because something caused or influenced them to happen. Sometimes it is hard to look at a cause and find out what caused or influenced them to happen. Sometimes it is hard to look at a cause and find out what causes the effect. It may help you to start with the effect and use your reasoning(推理的) skills. Think about all the things you know that could be reasons for the effect you can see.

For example, you may see someone putting on a heavy jacket. This is the effect. To look for a cause, think to yourself, “What would take someone put on a heavy jacket?” Maybe the person is going outside into very cold weather. Maybe the person works in the penguin pen(企鹅圈养地) at Sea World. Maybe the person is going to visit an ice skating rink where the air is kept very cold. All of these things could be a cause for putting on a heavy jacket.

Now, think about a second example. The effect is a boy named Abi has to go to the head teacher’s office. What are the possible causes? Maybe he bullied(欺负) another student. Maybe he is just being picked up early. Maybe he is being given a prize!

Here is another example for you to think about its cause and effect. Cait, 13, was trying to fall asleep when her 8-year-old brother, Doug, came into her room. He looked around a bit, but seemed really out of it. Then Doug went back into the hallway and stood there looking straight up at the hall light for quite a while. Little brothers can be very strange, but this was really much too strange. Cait’s father appeared and explained that Doug was sleepwalking. What’s the cause end effect, could you tell?

根据材料内容选择最佳答案，并将其标号填入题前括号内。

1.According to the second paragraph, which of the following is an effect?

A．Someone puts on a heavy jacket.

B．Someone works in the penguin pen.

C．Someone will go outside into cold weather.

D．Someone will go to visit an ice skating rink.

2.Abi has to go to the head teacher’s office. Which of the following isn’t the possible cause?

A．He bullied another student.               B．He is going shopping.

C．His is being picking up early.               D．He is being given a prize.

3.What was Doug doing when his sister Cait tried to fall asleep?

A．He was going outside.                    B．He was reading a story.

C．He was sleepwalking.                     D．He was looking for his dad.

4.Which of the following is cause and effect?

A．Tony got up and had a glass of water.

B．We came home and found him sleeping.

C．The ball was lost and a window was broken.

D．Tim was late again and his teacher got angry.

5.What is the best title for the next?

A．Truth and lies                          B．Work and sleep

C．Cause and effect                        D．Life and dreams

Answer

1.A

2.B

3.C

4.D

5.C

【解析】短文大意：这篇短文主要以几个事例分析了事情之间的因果关系。

1.根据第二段For example, you may see someone putting on a heavy jacket. This is the effect.描述，可知选A。

2.根据第三段Maybe he bullied(欺负) another student. Maybe he is just being picked up early. Maybe he is being given a prize!描述，可知他打算去购物，不是被叫去办公室的原因。故选B。

3.联系最后一段Cait’s father appeared and explained that Doug was sleepwalking.描述，可知道格正在梦游。故选C。

4.根据短文描述，可知起床和喝水之间没有因果关系，我们回家和发现他正在睡觉不是因果关系，球丢失了和窗户被打碎也不是因果关系。蒂姆又迟到了和他的老师生气了是因果关系，故选D。

5.这篇短文主要论述了事件之间的因果关系，故选C，因果关系。