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Over the last 70 years, researchers have...

Over the last 70 years, researchers have been studying happy and unhappy people and finally found out ten factors that make a difference. Our feelings of well-being at any moment are decided to a certain degree by genes. However, of all the factors, wealth and age are the top two.

Money can buy a degree of happiness. But once you can afford to feed, clothe and house yourself, each extra dollar makes less and less difference. Researchers find that, on average, wealthier people are happier. But the link between money and happiness is complex. In the past half-century, the average income has sharply increased in developed countries, yet happiness levels have remained almost the same. Once your basic needs are met, money only seems to increase happiness if you have more than your friends, neighbors and colleagues.

“Dollars buy status (social position), and status makes people feel better,” say some experts, which helps explain why people who can seek status in other ways, scientists or actors, for example, may happily accept relatively poorly-paid jobs.

In his research, Professor Alex Michalos found that the people whose desires, not just for money, but for friends, family, job, health, rose furthest beyond what they already had, tended to be less happy than those who felt a smaller gap. Indeed, the size of the gap predicted happiness about five times better than income alone. “The gap measures just blow away the measures of only income.”says Michalos.

Another factor that has to do with happiness is age. Old age may not be so bad “Given all the problems of aging, how could the elderly be more satisfied?” asks Professor Laura Carstensen. In one survey, Carstensen interviewed 184 people between the ages of 18 and 94, and asked them to fill out an emotion questionnaire. She found that old people reported positive emotions just as often as young people. Some scientists suggest older people may expect life to be harder and learn to live with it, or they’re more realistic about their time running out. Older people have learned to focus on things that make them happy and let go of those that don’t.

“People realize not only what they have, but also that what they have cannot last forever,” she says. “A goodbye kiss to a husband or wife at the age of 85, for example, may bring far more complex emotional responses than a similar kiss to a boy or girl friend at the age of 20.”

1.Some actors would like to accept poorly-paid jobs because the jobs__________.

A. make them feel much better

B. provide chances to make friends

C. improve their social position

D. satisfy their professional interests

2.Professor Alex Michalos found that people feel less happy if _________.

A. the gap between reality and desire is bigger

B. they have a stronger desire for friendship

C. the hope for good health is much greater

D. their income is far below their expectation

3.We can infer from the passage that older people _________.

A. would like to have more goodbye kisses than young people

B. are used to living a hard life because they are kind to others

C. express their positive opinions just as some young people do

D. find it easier to feel happy because they are more realistic

4.According to the passage, the feeling of happiness _________.

A. increases gradually with age

B. is controlled partly by desires

C. has little to do with wealth

D. is decided mostly by genes

 

1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B 【解析】 试题分析:短文大意:阅读短文可知,这篇短文主要讲述了影响幸福感的两个最重要的因素——财富和年龄,从而告诉我们人的幸福感与自己的愿望有关,愿望与现实的差距越小,人们的幸福感就越强。 1. 2. 3. 4. 考点:考查人生百味类阅读
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Geography is the study of Earth and its climates. Scientists use it to study global warming and track the weather. Governments use it to learn where people live and work and to plan what to do with the land. It is now easier than ever to use geography because of a science called space technology.

The United States launched its first satellite in 1958. Some space missions that followed were geographical studies. In fact, earth science is a big part of the work of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).

Astronauts looked out of the space shuttle. They decided to take photographs of Earth from their vantage point. Over the years, picture quality improved. Shuttle photography now shows land features, such as rivers. It can even show the streets of large cities. Photos of the same places at different times show how the land is changing.

NASA does not use just photographs, though. In 1958 it launched TIROS (the Television Infrared Observation Satellite). This first use of a satellite to study Earth was effective in giving weather forecasts. It led to the creation of new space tools to use in geography.

The Landsat Program began in 1972. This satellite sent detailed views of Earth from space. The pictures were so precise that scientists could count the number and kinds of crops in a field. Landsat showed where Earth’s surface had faults along which earthquakes might happen. This information helped in the planning of new cities and factories. Landsat also made discoveries. In Antarctica it located ranges of unknown mountains. It pinpointed small lakes in Virginia that were no ton maps. Landsat, now more advanced, still flies today.

Another space tool is Earth Observing-1 (EO-1). This spacecraft flies right behind Landsat. It takes pictures of the same sites. The two sets of pictures, viewed together, show how cities grow and how other places, such as rain forests, become smaller over time. This helps scientists learn how people affect geography.

One of the newest space tools is the Geographical Information Systems (GIS). GIS is computer software that helps scientists to study Earth. GIS is different from earlier space tools. Businesses, schools, and even average people — not just the government —can use it to show them how changes in the planet might affect them.

1.Why do governments study geography according to the passage?

A. To improve the environment.       

B. To make the land use plan.

C. To make new discoveries.          

D. To count the crops in a field.

2.Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A. The U.S. satellite program began in 1972.

B. Landsat was able to take pictures of other planets.

C. TIROS was successful in giving weather forecasts.

D. GIS can only be used by the government.

3.EO-1 takes photographs of the same places as Landsat because __________.

A. the two groups of pictures can show the changes of Earth

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D. Landsat can’t send detailed views of Earth from space

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C. satellite pictures can give more detailed information

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5.A. waitB. thinkC. repairD. doubt

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