Children have their own rules in playing games. They seldom need a referee (裁判) and rarely trouble to keep scores. They don’t care much about who wins or loses, and it doesn’t seem to worry them if the game is not finished. Yet, they like games that depend a lot on luck, so that their personal abilities cannot be directly compared. They also enjoy games that move in stages, in which each stage, the choosing of leaders, the picking-up of sides, or the determining of which side shall start, is almost a game in itself.
Grown-ups can hardly find children’s games exciting, and they often feel puzzled at why their kids play such simple games again and again. However, it is found that a child plays games for very important reasons. He can be a good player without having to think whether he is a popular person, and he can find himself being a useful partner to someone of whom he is usually afraid. He becomes a leader when it comes to his turn. He can be confident, too, in particular games, that it is his place to give orders, to pretend to be dead, to throw a ball actually at someone, or to kiss someone he has caught.
It appears to us that when children play a game they imagine a situation under their control. Everyone knows the rules, and more importantly, everyone plays according to the rules. Those rules may be childish, but they make sure that every child has a chance to win.
1.To become a leader in a game the child has to __________.
A. be popular among his playmates B. wait for his turn
C. be confident in himself D. play well
2.What is true about children when they play games?
A. They can stop playing any time they like.
B. They can test their personal abilities.
C. They want to pick a better team
D. They don’t need rules.
3.Why does a child like playing games?
A. Because he likes the place where he plays a game.
B. Because he can become popular among friends.
C. Because he finds he is always lucky in games.
D. Because he can be someone other than himself.
4.What do we know about grown-ups?
A. They are not interested in games.
B. They find children’s games too easy.
C. They don’t understand children’s games.
D. They don’t need a reason to play games.
5.The writer believes that __________.
A. children should make better rules for their games
B. children should invite grown-ups to play with them
C. children’s games can do them a lot of good
D. children play games without reasons
There were two McDonalds—Mac and Dick—and they were brothers. In 1948 they owned a restaurant in California. They liked working in the restaurant, but they got tired of the customers ordering so many different things to eat.
“If we gave customers a smaller menu, we could make some of the food before they came, and they wouldn’t have to wait so long for their meals,” said one of the brothers. The other brother agreed and said, “And if we made the customers come to the counter, we wouldn’t need any waiters or waitresses. We could also use plastic plates so there wouldn’t be any washing-up.”
These were such good ideas that the McDonald brothers used them, and the customers were very pleased. They got their meals very quickly—in less than a minute—and they paid only 15 cents for hamburgers and 10 cents for fries (炸薯条). The first McDonald’s restaurant had no seats for customers to sit on. This meant that people had to take their food away, and that no one had to clean up any tables after them.
Then a man called Ray Kroc came to the brothers and asked to buy their business. They agreed to sell it to him for $ 27 million. After that, people paid Ray Kroc to open their own restaurant using the McDonald’s name and menu. Before long, there were McDonald’s restaurants all over the United States, and nowadays, they are all over the world—even in China and Russia. The most successful McDonald’s business is in Hong Kong of China. The Hong Kong McDonald’s sells more hamburgers every day than any other McDonald’s in the world.
McDonald’s restaurants are so successful that children love going to them. They like the food，and they like the toys and games they can get at McDonald’s.
1.The McDonald brothers offered customers fewer kinds of foods so that _____.
A. customers would get their meals quickly
B. they could use plastic plates
C. customers would pay less
D. they didn’t need waiters or waitresses
2.Customers “paid only 15 cents for hamburgers” means the hamburgers were _____.
A. worth a lot less B. new C. cheap D. expensive
3.The first McDonald’s customers took their food away because _____.
A. they wanted to eat at home
B. there were no seats in the restaurant
C. they wanted to eat it quickly
D. they did not want a large menu
4.Nowadays, the owners of McDonald’s restaurants pay for _____.
A. People to take the food away
B. the McDonald’s name and menu
C. customers to eat quickly
D. children to play games
5.This story mainly tells us _____.
A. where McDonald’s restaurants are in the world
B. how Ray Kroc made money for the McDonald brothers
C. a restaurant in California in 1948
D. how the McDonald’s business started and grew
Happiness is for everyone. You don’t need to care about those people who have beautiful houses with large gardens and swimming pools or those who have nice cars and a lot of money and so on. Why? Because those who have cars may want to walk on the country roads in their free time.
In fact, happiness is always around you if you put your heart into it. When you are in trouble at school, your friends will help you; when you study hard at your lessons, your parents are always taking good care of your life and your health; when you get success, your friends will say congratulations to you; when you do something wrong , people around you will help you to correct it. And when you do something good to others, you will feel happy, too. All these are your happiness. If you notice a bit of them, you can see that happiness is always around you.
Happiness is not the same as money. It is a feeling of your heart. When you are poor, you can also say you are very happy, because you have something else that can’t be bought with money. When you meet with difficulties, you can say loudly you are very happy, because you have more chances to challenge yourself. So you cannot always say you are poor and you have bad luck. As the saying goes, life is like a revolving (旋转的) door. When it closes, it also opens. If you take every chance you get, you can be a happy and lucky person.
1.Those who have big houses may often feel _____.
A. lonely B. happy C. excited D. free
2.When you fall down in a PE class, both your teacher and your classmates will _____.
A. play jokes on you B. help you up
C. quarrel with you D. laugh at you
3.What will your friends say to you when you make great progress?
A. Good luck B. Oh, so do I
C. Congratulations D. It’s just so-so
4.Which idea is not right according to the passage?
A. People who have cars would never like to walk in the open air.
B. Happiness is always around you though difficulties come towards you.
C. You can get help from others when you make mistakes.
D. You can still be a happy person even if you have little money.
5.Which of the following is this passage about?
A. Bad luck. B. Life C. Good luck D. Happiness
书面表达。（15分）
某调查组到社会上进行环境污染问题的调查，设计了下列调查表。请你根据调查表内容说说如何做好学校环境保护方面的工作。
Kinds of pollution | There are many kinds of pollution around us such as air pollution, water pollution, noise/white pollution and rubbish pollution. |
Results | The environment on the earth is becoming worse and worse . |
要求：短文要求正确、流畅；词数80个左右。
提示词：keep…clean and tidy, clean, sweep, throw rubbish into the dustbins,
plant, so that, protect,
根据句意，用所给单词的适当形式填空。（每小题1分）
include, reach, invite, please, agree, lose, value ,twenty, success, beautiful, |
1.Thank you for__________help and useful advice.
2.Beijing has some places of interest________the Great Wall,the summer palace and so on.
3.I am looking forward to _________the top of Mount.Tai.
4.We are going hiking to enjoy the__________ of nature next week.
5.My pet dog bring me much_________,and it always makes me laugh.
6.After a long talk they both reached a(an) _________about the event.
7.If I was you,I would refuse his _________,because he is rude to us.
8.Please follow me, it’s easy to get_________ in the forest.
9.Today is his_________birthday.
10.Have another try or you won’t_________.
用词组的适当形式填空。（每小题1分）
1.As students, we should ________(做贡献)to protecting the envirment.
2.Our government ________(采取措施)to control the population in recent years.
3.________(随着……发展)of industry,great changes have taken place in China.
4.I feel happy because I could ________so many poor people ________(帮助……出来).
5.The government provides enough food, kinds of cloth and ______ (医疗)for homelessness.
