The word, “photography”, was first used in 1839. It comes from the Greek words that mean “to write with light”. But photography could only give people static pictures. So scientists were trying hard to find ways to make pictures that can move. They made lots of experiments, but failed again and again. It was Eadweard Muybridge who finally succeeded. He was the first photographer to try this successfully. But how did he make it? It was an interesting story.
Back in 1872, people didn’t know exactly whether all four of a horse’s hooves (蹄) left the ground at the same time when it was running. A gentleman called Leland Stanford made a bet with his friend about it. Most people believed that a horse always had one hoof on the ground, or it would fall over. But Stanford didn’t think so.
At that time, it was hard to know who could win the bet, because a horse’s legs move so fast that it is impossible to tell just by looking. So they needed a way to record the movement of a running horse. Then Stanford offered $25,000 to the famous photographer, Muybridge, to help find the answer. In the beginning, Muybridge failed to get clear images, but he didn’t give up. He continued to improve his cameras. In 1878, after many experiments, he managed to get a sequence (连续) of 12 photos. One of them clearly showed that all four of the horse’s hooves were off the ground at the same time. And when the photos moved fast, people could see a horse running.
Though is usually considered as the person who created the first movie in 1889, it was the work of Eadweard Muybridge and the bet that led to Edison’s invention.
1.The underlined word “static” in Paragraph 1 most probably means _______.
A. pretty B. dark C. moving D. still
2.What did Leland Stanford make a bet with his friend about?
A. Whose horse ran faster.
B. whether a horse would fall over while running.
C. whether it was possible for scientists to make moving pictures.
D.Whether a horse’s hooves all left the ground at the same time while running.
3. Muybridge finally found the exact answer to the bet _______.
A. next year. B. at the same year.
C. after six years. D. after seventeen years.
4.Which is TRUE from the passage?
A. The word, “photography” means to make pictures that can move from the Greek words .
B. Leland Stanford made a bet with Edison in 1872.
C. It is very easy for Muybridgea to record the movement of a running horse.
D. Stanford believed all four of the horse’s hooves were off the ground at the same time.
5.The passage mainly tells us _______.
A. that Thomas Edison created the first movie .
B. that Eadweard Muybridge created the first static pictures
C. how photography helped people know more about animals
D. how Eadweard Muybridge got pictures of motion (移动) successfully
Did you ever wonder how some of your favorite foods, products or toys came about? Believe it or not, they may have been an accident, or a failure of some other intention. Below, we found three mistakes we’re thankful for turned out to be what they are.
1. Most historians hold that the Chinese invented fireworks in the 9th century when they discovered how to make gunpowder. Story has it that a Chinese cook accidentally mixed together what were then considered common kitchen items and noticed they burnt. When put tightly(紧紧地）in a bamboo tube(管子and lit, it blew up.
2. In May of 1886, a law led John Pemberton, a pharmacist(药剂师), to rewrite the formula(配方) for “Pemberton’s French Wine Coca”, his popular headache treatment. Containing sugar instead of wine as a sweetener, the outcome became something for Coke, which was later mixed with carbonated(碳酸) water. His bookkeeper suggested the name Coca-Cola because he thought the two C’s would look good together, which is how what we call Coca-Cola, a world-wide drink came into being.
3. During World WarⅡ, scientists at the University of Birmingham invented the magnetron(磁控管)—an important heat-producing part of the microwave oven. While working for Raytheon Corporation after the war, the American engineer Percy Spencer was testing the magnetron when a chocolate bar in his pocket melted. He went on to test other foods including popcorn kernels(仁), and found it to be a much more efficient way to cook. In 1947 Raytheon came out with the first restaurant microwave oven, which was six feet tall and weighed 750 lbs.
1.The underlined phrase “ blew up” might mean _______ in Chinese.
A. 爆炸 B. 膨胀 C. 升华 D. 蒸发
2.Percy Spencer found the microwave efficient in cooking when he was ________.
A. looking for a way to melt his chocolate
B. trying to know tow a magnetron could cook
C. working to know how the magnetron works
D. asked to invent a restaurant microwave oven
3. The right time order of the three inventions should be ________.
A. fireworks, the microwave and Coca-cola
B. fireworks, Coca-cola and the microwave
C. Coca-cola, fireworks and the microwave
D. the microwave, Coca-cola and the fireworks
4.What can we learn from the above invention stories?
A．Experiments makes great inventors of our time.
B. Nothing is impossible if one tries each day.
C. Inventors come out of hard work at any time.
D. A small incident may lead to a great invention.
5.What’s the best title for the passage?
A. What great inventions they are!
B. Inventions from Three Countries.
C. Stories of Accidental Inventions.
D. The Human Inventions of time.
Born in Ghana，West Africa，in 1989，Freddy Adu has become one of the most promising young soccer players in the world.Soccer fans have been crazy about him since 2003，when he became the youngest player to join a professional sports team in the United States.The next year，he became the youngest athlete ever to play in an allstar game，a match in which the best players from many professional teams compete.
As a child，Adu did what many children in Ghana love to do—play soccer.His mother recognized her son's talent and encouraged it by providing soccer balls，which were expensive for them.Since he had soccer balls，other children always came looking for him and played together.
Education was very important to Adu's mother，and she wasn't sure that her son could receive a good education in Ghana.So she tried hard and moved to Maryland，U.S. in 1997，when he was eight years old.His new school friends soon noticed his talent for soccer，and the parents of one friend encouraged him to join a soccer club.This was his first time playing organized soccer，and he helped his team from the Potomac Soccer Association win a tournament in Italy in 2000.One professional Italian team was so impressed by Adu that they offered him $750，000 to play for them.Adu's mother refused the offer and thought that her eleven-year-old son needed to finish school first.
Adu did finish high school at the age of 14.Nowadays，he is playing professional soccer and living with his mother in a house he bought for her.His salary with the D．C. United team is $500，000 a year，and Adu is also paid to advertise products such as sports shoes and drinks.Adu is happy that his mother no longer has to work at two jobs，and his fans are happy that they can watch him play their favourite sport for many years to come.
1.Freddy Adu was ____ years old when he became the youngest ever allstar team player.
A．eight B．ten C．thirteen D．fifteen
2.Adu's mother helped him develop his talent by ____．
A．making him play soccer every day
B．finding him a soccer coach
C．offering him soccer balls
D．making him join the school team
3.Which is the correct order of the following events？____
a．Adu became the youngest professional soccer player in the USA.
b．Adu's family moved to the United States.
c．Adu's mother noticed his special ability to play soccer.
d．Adu is paid to advertise sports shoes and drinks.
A．b—c—d—a. B．a—c—b—d.
C．d—c—a—b. D．c—b—a—d.
4.What can we learn from the passage？____
A．As a child，Adu taught other children to play soccer in his hometown.
B．Adu moved to the USA because there were no soccer teams in Ghana.
C．Adu helped his team win a tournament and got $750，000 in Italy in 2000.
D．Adu gets more than $500，000 a year and lives happily with his mother now.
5.What is the secret of the success of Adu according to the passage?
A．His mother noticed his talent and encouraged him all the time.
B．He received a good education in the United States.
C．The parents of his friend encouraged him to join a soccer club.
D．All of the above
Each man will be paid ______ his ability
A．thanks to B．because of C．instead of D. according to
If more salt______ to the soup,it will taste better
A．is added B．will be added C．will add D. Adds
Is that the girl with______ you discussed the problem yesterday afternoon
A. that B. who C. whom D. which
