What does your face say?
How many different emotions do you think you can communicate to people with your face? Do you have the same facial expressions as people from different cultures?
New research suggests that there are only four basic facial expressions of emotion.However, how these expressions are understood might depend on where you are from.
Research by scientists from the University of Glasgow has challenged the traditional view of how the face expresses emotions. Until now, it was widely believed that six basic emotions — happiness, sadness, fear, anger, surprise and disgust (厌恶), were expressed and recognized across different cultures. However, the University of Glasgow’s work now suggests that the human face only has four basic expressions of emotion. This is because some pairs of emotions are impossible to distinguish, especially when they are first expressing on the face. Fear and surprise, for example,both share wide-open eyes. The facial expressions for anger and disgust also look the
same.
So if our faces are only able to express four basic emotions, how do we communicate more complex (复杂的) feelings? The study found that the way expressions are explained is different in different cultures. Lead researcher Dr Rachael Jack was studying this because “facial expressions were considered to be general”, she explains. However, while looking at how people from the East and West look at different parts of the face during facial expression recognition, they found that although there are some common characteristics across cultures, the six basic facial expressions of emotion are not recognized by everyone.
“We said we don’t know what a disgust face looks like in China, so the best way to go about that is to make all combinations (组合) of facial movements and show to Chinese researchers and ask them to choose the ones they think are disgust faces.”
With the software they developed, they discovered that in the early stages of signaling emotion, fear and surprise, and anger and disgust, were often confused. Jack explains that these facial expressions have developed both from biology and social evolution(进化).
What interests people about the cross-cultural aspect of the research? “This work leads to understanding which emotions we share, realizing our differences and calling attention to our multicultural experiences.” This research could advise new ways of social communication that improve cross-cultural interactions.
1.What is the main purpose of the first paragraph?
A. To show interest in different cultures.
B. To express the worries about emotions.
C. To lead in the topic of facial expressions.
D. To give an example of facial expressions.
2.The word “distinguish” in Paragraph 3 probably means ______.
A. express B. explain C. differentiate D. develop
3.According to the passage, Dr Rachael agrees that ______.
A. facial expressions are easy to understand in Japan
B. the way expressions are understood is different in China
C. new ways of social communication can improve movements
D. it’s difficult to understand all the facial expressions of emotion
4.What can we learn from the passage?
A. We can express our emotions in four different ways.
B. Facial expressions of emotion can be discovered easily.
C. Facial expressions of emotion are from different countries.
D. Facial expressions are explained differently in different cultures.
One day, I took an underground to work, I saw something that made me very sad.On the tube (underground in London), a mother kept looking at her phone screen and playing a game with her daughter sitting beside her. The little girl, about 5 years old,was talking to her mother about her day, repeating the next stop’s name cheerfully,praising her mother’s long nails — trying to catch her mother’s attention. Her mother just nodded and answered “Mm, hm” with her eyes glued to the screen, busy passing the levels of the game. I watched the girl give a final try to at least get her mum to look at her, but it was no use. Then the little girl turned silent. It was a shame the mother
didn’t notice that.
It broke my heart and got me wondering — what kind of game would make the mother forget she has the most beautiful thing in the world, the human she created, the person she loves with all her heart? What it meant when she couldn’t look into her daughter’s eyes and even stop to listen to the girl?
Some parents are almost like the teenagers, always on their phones with mindless games or going through WeChat. Perhaps parents have many things to deal with, but sometimes they are everything to their kids.
This is not an only example. I’ve seen too many such examples. I might not be a parent myself, and probably still have a long way before becoming one, but I know what I saw isn’t right.
The scene used to be seen among teenagers very often when parents complained how their children were crazy about their mobile phones. Look how the situation has changed! The parents have become “technology slaves (奴隶)”, that is to say, they can’t control themselves while using mobile phones. Now some middle-aged parents hold the best iPhones or Samsung phones, which are probably the only two brands they know. They are playing the simple games with so expensive mobile phones. I’m uncertain whether to laugh or to cry. But my hope is that this storm passes.
1.The little girl turned silent because she failed to _____.
A. stop to listen to her mum
B. catch her mother’s attention
C. know the brand of her mobile phone
D. control herself while using mobile phone
2.In the passage, the writer mainly wants to express _____.
A. the hope that parents use new technology properly
B. the happiness that parents can use modern technology
C. the sadness that parents have many things to deal with
D. the worries that children are crazy about mobile phones
3.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Technology Slaves B. Middle-aged Parents
C. A Scene on the Tube D. Mindless Phone Games
Maria Keller — Teenager Wants Every Kid to Read Indeed!
Books have huge power. Between their pages, readers can be transported to
anywhere imaginable and become just about anyone…or anything. Unluckily, many
children all over the world don’t have chances to read books!
For several years now, Maria Keller, a teenager from America, has been changing
that fact.
When she was 8 years old, Maria already loved reading. She also noticed that
some of her classmates didn’t read as much as she did. When she asked her mother
why that could be, her mother said that they might have no money to buy books. Maria
had never thought of this. She could not believe that some children might not have
bedtime stories read to them. She decided to change this.
With her mother’s help, Maria set up Read Indeed. Read Indeed is a non-profit (非
营利的) organization that is to collect and share books to children in need. During the
early stages of Read Indeed, Maria set the goal to collect and share 1 million books by
the time she was 18. It didn’t take long to reach that goal!
So far, she has collected over 2.4 million books and has sent them to many states
and countries like India, China…She says, “I cannot live without books. As I continue
my task, I have learned that the number of kids who have no books are in the hundreds
of millions. So I just can’t give up, even after reaching my goal of 1 million books.”
She recently set a new goal: to give donations (捐赠) to kids in need in every state
in the United States, and every country in the world. She always pays attention to her
progress on a large map at the warehouse (仓库) where they store and sort books.
1.Where does Maria Keller come from?
A. America. B. India. C. China. D. The UK.
2.With her mother’s help, Maria set up _____ to collect and share books.
A. a bookstore B. a school C. a warehouse D. an organization
3.After reaching her goal of 1 million books, she will _____.
A. stop giving books B. go on with her study
C. read bedtime stories D. go on donating books
in the LANLEY SCHOOL of English Do you need to learn English for study or fun in summer holiday? Here’re our courses you can choose! | ||
3 courses | ||
Speaking | Writing | Listening |
-10 students -30-hour course -Monday to Friday -native teachers | -20 students -10-hour course -Saturday only -experienced teachers | -25 students -20-hour course -every day of the week -experienced teachers |
Opening Times Saturday-Sunday 10 a.m.-5 p.m.; Monday-Friday 9 a.m.-8 p.m. Contact Phone number: 02 0443 1566; 02 0443 1520 Email: English@lsofe.co.uk Find us 122A Great Eastern Street Lanleygate London |
1.How many courses are there?
A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.
2.When is the writing course?
A. Every day of the week. B. On Saturday only.
C. From Monday to Friday. D. On Monday only.
3.If you want to learn from native teachers, you should choose _______ course.
A. speaking B. writing C. 10-hour D. 20-hour
阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个
选项中，选择最佳选项。
My sister has always been a good friend to me. Thirteen years ago, she tried to
throw a blue plastic toy at my nose to see if it would hang on my face. Her first try was
unsuccessful. I giggled and laughed at her poor skills. Again, she threw it, and this time
it ________my nose. It hurts a little, but tears rolled down my face. Seeing this, my
mother rushed down the steps and took me to another room. I remember I cried for
hours, not because of the pain but because I was taken away from my sister who was
teaching me how to have _______ .
Growing up, my sister was the person I wanted to be. So I took up _______ in
Grade Three, just like her. I was a reasonably talented player, with the height and the
power to charge up and down the court. But by the middle of the season, I had found
myself _______ it. I didn’t like the girls, the coaches, or the competitiveness of the
game. I usually pretended (假装) to be sick so I couldn’t practise any more.
Finally my mom found this and told me that if I hated it so much, I should stop.
Was she _______ ? I couldn’t stop! My sister _______ gave up anything, and neither
would I. However, when I finished the season hating each and every moment, I knew I
couldn’t continue to play it any more.
I turned to my sister, telling her that the________ of stopping playing basketball
seemed crazy since it was the only thing I could do. I told her I was afraid of my future,
not knowing how to handle the rest of my life and that I needed her advice.
To my 13-year-old self, this seemed like a big problem, but to my 17-year-old sister,
the solution was simple: take a risk. She asked me to keep doing whatever _______ me
although there would be some trouble. So I did. In Grade Eight I succeeded in
basketball tryouts (选拔赛), and playing the part of the queen in the school play and
that brought me lots of fun.
1.A. trained B. hit C. moved D. pulled
2.A. skills B. fun C. respect D. promise
3.A. basketball B. football C. volleyball D. baseball
4.A. fearing B. improving C. hating D. developing
5.A. real B. good C. serious D. strange
6.A. ever B. never C. just D. always
7.A. promise B. power C. idea D. meaning
8.A. interested B. excited C. surprised D. bored
— Do you know _______, Lingling?
— He lives in Beijing now.
A. where Tom lives B. where Tom lived
C. where does Tom live D. where did Tom live
