Question

Hundreds of years ago, life was much harder than it is today. People didn’t have modern machines. There was no modern medicine, either.

Life today has brought new problems. One of the biggest problems is pollution. Water pollution has made our rivers and lakes dirty. It killed our fish and  a  our drinking water.   b  pollution makes us talk louder and become angry more easily. Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution. It’s hard to all the living things in the world.

Cars, planes and factories all pollute our air every day,（2）sometimes the polluted air is so thick that it is like a quilt(被子) over a city. This kind of quilt is called smog.

Many countries are making rules to flight pollution. Factories must now clean their water before it is poured away, they mustn’t blow dirty smoke into the air.

We need to do many other things. We can put waste things in the dustbin and not throw it on the ground. We can go to work by bus or with our friends in the same car, (3)开车的人少了，空气污染就少了。

1.在横线上填入适当的单词 a.__________   b. __________. (每空一词)

2.将句子(2)译成汉语______________________________________

3.将句子(3)译成英语______________________________________

4.找出Dirty water must be stopped from dumping into the river. 的同义句.

 __________________________________________________________

5.找出或写出能概括本文大意的句子。

___________________________________________________________

Answer

1. polluted Noise

2. 有时被污染的空气如此的厚，就像城市上空盖了一条被子。

3. If there are fewer people driving/ If fewer people drive cars, there will be less pollution. 或：The fewer people drive, the less pollution there will be.

4. Factories must now clean their water before it is thrown away.

5. Life today has brought new problems.

【解析】

数百年前的生活比现在艰难的多。那时的人们没有现代化的机器。也没有现在的医疗条件。而今天的生活也出现了许多新问题。最严重的一个问题就是环境污染。水污染使得河水湖水污浊，它杀死鱼类，并污染了我们的饮用水。噪音污染让我们说话更大声，也更加易怒。空气污染是最严重的一种污染，它对这世界上的一切生物都造成了威胁。汽车，飞机以及工厂每天都在污染我们周围的空气。有时候，被污染的空气就像一床被子，厚厚地笼罩在城市的上方，被人们称作雾霾。很多国家都在制定相关法规来控制污染。现在工厂必须在排放废水前净化废水，也不能再向空气中排放有害烟尘。我们要做的还有很多。垃圾应该丢进垃圾箱而不是地面上。上班可以坐公交车或是和朋友搭同一辆车．如果开车的人少了，污染也会少的。要解决污染问题，只制定法规是不够的。每个人都该以身作则来防止污染。

1.根据句中信息It killed our fish and…our drinking water推测该句句意：它杀死鱼类，并污染了我们的饮用水；根据It killed our fish 可知该句为一般过去时态；故填polluted；根据句中信息…pollution makes us talk louder and become angry more easily．推测该句句意：噪音污染让我们说话更大声，也更加易怒。故填不可数名词Noise；故答案为：(1). polluted (2). Noise

2.该句中所用的句式是：so …that如此…以致；it is like a quilt主系表结构；句中polluted是过去分词，做air的定语；over，介词．越过；在…之上；遍于…之上；该句翻译为：有时被污染的空气如此的厚，就像城市上空盖了一条被子。所以答案为：有时被污染的空气如此的厚，就像城市上空盖了一条被子。

3.根据句意，该句可用If引导的条件状语从句表达；主句和从句中用比较级表达 fewer people （较少的人），less pollution（较少的污染）；主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时；主句和从句中都可运用there be句型表达；故填If there are fewer people driving/If fewer people drive cars，there will be less pollution．或：The fewer people drive, the less pollution there will be.

4.根据Dirty water must be stopped from dumping into the river可知该句为被动语态，句意：必须停止把脏水倒到河里；可把该句改为主动语态：Factories must now clean their water before it is thrown away. 工厂必须把污水净化，而后才可排出去；故选Factories must now clean their water before it is thrown away.

5.根据短文内容There was no modern medicine, either. Life today has brought new problems. 可知该短文主要讲述了今天的生活也出现的许多新问题；故填：Life today has brought new problems．