Question

    Due to the outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia, many people are wearing mask to reduce the risk of infections (感染). It’s a very simple but incredibly useful method to protect oneself from a variety of harmful things. In fact, masks have been helping mankind for centuries.

1st century

In that era, many people in Roman Empire work underground in mines to support their families. But most of them suffered from and even died of respiratory (呼吸的) illness. To solve this problem. Pliny the Elder (23-79 AD) a Roman naturalist, recommended the use of animal skins to stop dust from being breathed. His ideas was considered the very first recorded mask inventions.

16th century

Many centuries later, the artist and inventor Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) in Italy, suggested using a wet cloth over the face to protect against the poisonous chemicals.

19th century

The design of the mask took a big forward in the 19th century. In 1848, American Lewis Hassley became the first person to patent (注册专利) a protective mask for miners. Masks at this stage were similar to gas mask Later. in 1897. Polish-Austrian doctor Johann von Mikulicz Radecki designed a simple mask with one layer of gauze (纱布), recommending medical workers to wear it to prevent infection. That was the first recorded use of masks for surgeons.

20th century

In 1910, a terrible disease broke out in Northeast China Chinese doctor Wu Liande designed a cheap face mask called “Wu’s mask”. Made of two layers of surgical gauze, it could be fixed around the back of the head and tied in a knot. This mask was praised by experts around the world, as it was simple to make and had a low production cost.

Modern exploration

With several outbreaks of infectious diseases and the flu and the rise of pollution caused by industrial waste, the materials in masks have continued to evolve ( 进 化 ) to better protect its wearer. For example, in 2012 when China suffered from smog, mask models such as N95 and KN90, which can filter out this fine particulate (微粒) matter, become highly popular. In the future, masks will continue to improve, hopefully so will the habits of humans.

Title: The 1. of mask through the ages

introduction	Wearing masks is a very useful method to protect oneself from being 2.by harmful things. It has gone through a long history.
Times	In the 1st century	Many workers suffered from respiratory illness because of 3.  underground in mines. Pliny the Elder recommended using animal skins to prevent them from 4. dust.
In the16th century	Italian artist and inventor Leonardo da Vinci suggested using a wet cloth to 5.the face to protect people.
In the 19th century	The design of the mask developed 6.during this period.
In20th century	Chinese doctor Wu Liande designed a face mask which cost 7. It was not difficult to make as well. Experts around the all think 8. of it.
	At 9.	Masks are made with 10. materials to protect people from diseases and pollution which is getting more and more serious.

Answer

1.history

2.infected

3.working

4.breathing

5.cover

6.quickly/ fast

7.little/ less

8.highly

9.present

10.evolved/ better

【解析】

本文讲述了口罩的历史，从1世纪到现在的发展历程。以前用过动物皮肤、湿布、中国医生吴连德设计了一款廉价的口罩。现代口罩中的材料不断进化，以更好地保护佩戴者。

1.分析表格可知是缺名词，根据文章从1世纪到现代的口罩探索，可推测出此处是“历史”，故答案为history。

2.分析表格可知是缺过去分词，构成被动语态。根据“many people are wearing mask to reduce the risk of infections”可知许多人戴口罩是为了降低感染的风险，可推测出此处是“infected”，故答案为infected。

3.分析表格可知是介词后接动名词，所以此处缺doing，根据“many people in Roman Empire work underground in mines to support their families.”可知罗马帝国的许多人在地下矿井工作以养家糊口，可推测出此处是“working”，故答案为working。

4.分析表格可知是介词后接动名词，所以此处缺doing，根据“recommended the use of animal skins to stop dust from being breathed”可知建议使用动物皮来阻止灰尘被吸入，可推测出此处是“breathing”，故答案为breathing。

5.use sth to do sth表示“用什么去做什么”，分析表格可知此处是缺动词原形，根据“suggested using a wet cloth over the face to protect against the poisonous chemicals”可知建议用湿布盖住脸，以防止有毒化学物质，可推测出此处是“cover”，故答案为cover。

6.分析表格可知是缺副词修饰动词，根据“The design of the mask took a big forward in the 19th century.”可知面具的设计在19世纪取得了巨大的进步，可推测出此处是口罩的设计在这一时期迅速发展，所以此处用“quickly/ fast”，故答案为quickly/ fast。

7.根据“Chinese doctor Wu Liande designed a cheap face mask”可知中国医生吴连德设计了一款廉价的口罩，可推测出此处是花费（更）少，所以用“little/ less”，故答案为little/ less。

8.think highly of表示“高度评价”，根据“ This mask was praised by experts around the world”可知受到世界各地专家的好评，可推测出此处是“highly”，故答案为highly。

9.at present表示“现在”，根据“Modern exploration”可知是现代探索，可推测出此处是“present”，故答案为present。

10.根据“the materials in masks have continued to evolve ( 进 化 ) to better protect its wearer.”可知口罩中的材料不断进化，以更好地保护佩戴者，可推测出此处是“evolved/ better”，故答案为evolved/ better。