Jack likes taking photos wherever he goes, so his father bought him a ________ on his 14th birthday.
A.violin B.camera C.bicycle
自主学习是一种学习模式，是学习者自我管理的一种能力，也是青少年面向世界，适应未来的需要。
某英文网站正在开展以“自主学习(self-directed learning)”，为主题的征文活动。假/如你是李华，请用英语写一篇短文投稿，谈谈在过去的两个月期间你是如何自主学习的，以及这样做给你带来的好处。
提示词语： learning resources, goal, manage time, tools, apps, plan, improve
提示问题： • What did you do for your self-directed learning?
• What benefits have you got from doing so?
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假如你是李华，你的传统文化课老师布置了本月在线学习课程任务，你们班交换生Peter给你发邮件询问相关事情。请用英语回复一封邮件，告诉他课程的主要内容，学习要求并分享你如何学习课程的一些想法。
提示词语：Chinese traditional culture, custom, festival, tea art, papercut art, website, plan
提示问题： ①What is the online course about?
②What do you need to do to complete the course?
③What would you like to share with Peter about preparing for the course
Dear Peter,
I'm glad to receive your email.
If there is anything more that I can help with, please let me know.
Yours,
Li Hua
What is art？This question has confused great thinkers for centuries. In fact, there is disagreement about exactly what art is. Most of us would agree that Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa is art, but what about a video game? One dictionary states that art is making objects?Images or music, etc. that are beautiful or that express certain feelings.This, however, could be regarded as too general a definition（定义）. Marcel Ducharap With his bicycle wheel.
Art is usually divided into two areas: fine art, such as painting, music and sculpture （雕塑）and applied art （实用美术），such as fashion design, furniture making and gardening. According to Aristotle, fee art is something which has a conceptual function.（概念功能）. He noted that artists produced objects, drama and music which showed their emotions and ideas rather than just trying to offer a true image of nature. Andy Warhol, the American artist famous for his Pop Art in the 1960s, once said, “An artist produces things that people don't need to have.This is the biggest difference between fine and applied art. Applied art requires an object to be functional as well as beautiful.
In the twentieth century, however, artists began to challenge the accepted idea of art. The French artist Marcel Duchamp changed peopled understanding of what sculpture was by mounting a bicycle wheel upside down on a stool in 1913 and calling it art. In 2002, Japanese artist Yayoi Kusama created an art work that required the public's involvement. In this work, visitors were asked to cover a white room that had white furniture and objects in it, with many colorful sticker dots （圆形贴纸）.He once said, “Everything an artist produces is art”.
Today, we can see examples of art all around us which are not expensive, many towns and cities have public art which can be enjoyed by all. Some museums, like the National Art Museum of China in Beijing, have no entrance fee. Others are free for children and students.
Street art is also popular in different neighborhoods around the world.
Art can make our ordinary, everyday lives a little more special. This idea may not work for all art, but perhaps we can agree that it is a goal towards which all artists should work.
1.What question has confused great thinkers for centuries?
_______________________________________________________
2.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
_______________________________________________________
3.What does applied art require according to this passage?
_______________________________________________________
4.When did artists begin to challenge the accepted idea of art?
_______________________________________________________
5.What’s the writer’s opinion on art?
_______________________________________________________
Why Wisdom （智慧）Doesn't Work as Well as We Think It Does
We relate wisdom to age. Most of us believe that gaining wisdom is like picking up stones on a path: the longer you're on the path, the more stones you'll collect.
It seems a reasonable inference, then, the older you are, the more wisdom you have. Older people usually make fewer careless mistakes, and they often know the best course of action in a given situation. But I think there's another explanation at play here, which we might consider in the light of what we know about human decision-making.
There are two different ways of decision-making: plans and habits. Here's an example of how these ways differ. If you’re driving somewhere for the first time, you'll need a plan. You will need to know whether to turn left or right, because you don’t already have that information stored away in your head. On the other hand, you don't need a plan when you're going somewhere familiar （熟悉的） because the order of steps that will take you there is stored as a habit. But if you find that the road is blocked by fallen trees, you’ll have to think about another way. Such a plan allows you to more easily deal with new situations, but they require a lot more attention.
The use of plans and habits changes over the course of our lives. A baby can't use habits to make decisions, because any situation she’s in will be a new one. As we build up a store of familiar situations, the more we can depend on habits. The older you are, the more likely your behavior is based on tried- and-true habits rather than fresh planning.
But what does this tell us about wisdom? Well, it suggests that wisdom is interactive, not static: it is a relationship between a person and their surroundings （环境），The reason that wisdom seems to come out so effortlessly from well-seasoned minds is that they have a store of habitual information about how to act in a given situation.
But it also makes a worrying prediction: if older people were put in a new situation, with which they had no familiarity, they wouldn't make better decisions than someone who is young. It is the same with mistakes. Older, seemingly wiser people make fewer mistakes because they're familiar with surroundings they often deal with. If you controlled for the familiarity of the situation, then people in different age groups would probably make the same number of mistakes. Younger people might even make fewer mistakes, because they are better at coming up with fresh plans.
While wisdom gives you expertise within a particular environment, it doesn't mean that you'll be able to generalize that to new experiences. It's not that we necessarily get wiser as we get older, but we put ourselves in fewer situations where we are likely to make mistakes.
1.What do we know about the two ways of decision-making according to the passage?
A.Using plans or habits to make decisions is an ever-changing process.
B.The use of plans and habits requires lots of attention and effort.
C.When going somewhere familiar, we need to work out a plan.
D.Younger people depend more on habits to make decisions,
2.What can we learn from the passage?
A.Younger people have a great advantage in becoming wiser.
B.Older people are better at making careful plans before action.
C.Older people seem wiser because they’ve stored more habitual information.
D.Younger people make more mistakes when they're in unfamiliar surroundings.
3.What does the underlined word “static” probably mean in Paragraph 5?
A.Uncontrolled. B.Unchanged. C.Increasing. D.Surprising.
4.What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage?
A.To stress the importance of gaining wisdom.
B.To compare the two different ways of decision-making.
C.To call on younger people to learn more from older people.
D.To remind us to view the wisdom of older people reasonably.
It Is Never Too Early to Think—and Communicate—like a Scientist
Who is a scientist and what is his job? A chemist doing experiments? A geologist out studying rocks? When most people think about science, they imagine characters making discoveries or finding cures （治疗方法）for new diseases. However, these leave out an extremely important part of the scientific process: communicating—sharing the results of that work.
Imagine if someone discovered something important about a disease. Other scientists need to understand the work well enough to use these new developments to make even more discoveries in the future. The public, too, needs to understand how these discoveries might influence their lives. But none of this will be possible if the work is not shared. Being a scientist goes far beyond the moment of discovery.
Without clear communication, scientists would not be able to use the work that has already been done. So how do scientists tell others about the work that they have done? How do they make sure that everything that they share is as clear and correct as possible?
Researchers publish their work in scientific journals（期刊）.These journals can be read by other researchers around the world. It is very important for these journals, and for the scientists who read them, to make sure that the research included is as correct as possible. In order to do that, articles given to scientific journals before publication first go through a process called peer review. Other scientists who do research in areas related to the work in an article are asked to read through it. Scientists also provide feedback to the writers. They bring up new questions the writer may not have considered, recognize limitations to the results being described, and also make sure that no mistakes were made during the process.
Frontiers for Young Minds is a scientific journal written for—and reviewed by young people. All of the articles in it are based on works already published in a peer reviewed scientific journal. However, while scientists are good at making sure that articles are understandable for other scientists, there are no better experts to make sure that something can be understood by young people than the young people themselves. By working together with an experts young reviewers read the article to see if any part of the article is hard to understands make it clear why the experiment was done in the way it was done and check whether the figures （数据）clearly explain the point of the article.
Basically, these young reviewers learn to think like scientists. It is never too early to start! Ask questions, learn new things, and don't forget the importance of communicating your findings.
1.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A.What is required to be a good scientist.
B.Who should understand a scientist’s job.
C.Why sharing the results of scientific work is important.
D.How scientists make sure their work is clear and correct.
2.From the passage we can know that________.
A.scientists are good at working together with others
B.young people usually enjoy reading scientific journals
C.in peer review, other scientists bring up questions to readers
D.young reviewers help make articles in Frontiers for Young Minds more readable
3.What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage?
A.To introduce how scientists do their jobs.
B.To offer practical advice on how to ask scientific questions.
C.To explain the effects of peer review on scientific journals.
D.To encourage young people to think and communicate like scientists.
