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To become a doctor in the United States, students usually attend four years of medical school after they complete college. Then these young doctors work in hospitals for several years to complete a training program called a residency(住院医生实习期).
These medical residents provide hospitals with needed services in return for not much pay. They work under the supervision(管理)of medical professors and more experienced doctors. Medical residents treat patients. They carry out tests. They perform operations. They complete records. In hospitals with few nurses, residents also do work formerly done by nurses. Some medical residents work one-hundred or more hours in a single week.
They often work for more than thirty-six hours at a time before they can rest.
Critics(批评家)of this system say medical residents work too long and do not get enough rest. They say these young doctors may be too tired to perform their medical duties effectively. Now, the government will limit the number of hours of work that residents can work. Most doctors in training will be limited to eighty-four hours of work each week. They will have work periods of no more than twenty-four hours at one time. They will have ten hours of rest between work periods.
Medical residents will have one day each week when they do not have to work. Any work they accept outside their hospitals will be limited. Experienced doctors and medical professors will closely supervise the residents to make sure they are not too tired to work.
Many medical residents welcomed the work limits. Others, however, said the new policy may interfere with patient care and their own medical education.
1.If a first-year college student in America wants to be a doctor, he has to wait for ________.
A.4 years B.8 years C.at least 10 years D.more than 20 years
2.Medical residents are not responsible for________.
A.supervising students B.treating patients
C.carrying patients D.doing operations
3.The underlined sentence in the second paragraph means that they have to________.
A.work 36 hours every week B.rest for 36 hours before they can go to work
C.work continuously for 36 hours D.take a rest every 36 hours
4.Why does the government limit the number of hours that residents work?
A.Medical residents get too much money.
B.Medical residents should go back to school to study.
C.There are not enough work for nurses.
D.Medical residents may make mistakes if they work too long.
5.The underlined word "Others" in the last paragraph refers to________.
A.some critics B.some medical professors
C.some experienced doctors D.some medical residents
Francisco, a street musician, whom my friend happened to know from his own musician day, was playing the saxophone on a street corner. His name was Clifford, and he had attracted a large crowd with his performance. After he finished, my friend introduced him to me and his daughter. Clifford asked her if she played any instrument. When she replied that she was taking trumpet(小号)lessons and played in her junior high school band, he said, "That's fine, little lady. Learn your instrument well and you can play anything."
Somehow these simple yet wise words struck me as proper not only for a trumpet player but also for a reader. If you learn to read well, you can read anything you want—not just newspapers and magazines, but more difficult material like philosophy, film criticism, military history—whatever interests you as your confidence grows. You would not be limited(限制)in any way. If you have the vocabulary—or at least a good dictionary near at hand—you can pick up a book, concentrate on it, and make sense of the author's words.
In the United States, reading instruction often ends at elementary school, so students sometimes have difficulty as they progress through school. They must take their assignments, armed only with their elementary school reading skills. The result, too often, is frustration and loss of confidence. And the assigned reading in your college courses will be even greater than they were in high school. Developing Reading Skills is designed to accomplish(完成)several tasks: to show you the skills that will enable you to read with greater comprehension, to help you cope with reading assignment with confidence, and to teach you to become an active reader.
1.The talk between the girl and Clifford serves as an introduction to________.
A.the importance of reading
B.the connection between playing instruments and reading
C.the necessity of learning to play an instrument
D.the variety of reading materials
2.It can be inferred(推断)from the story that________.
A.Clifford was good at playing the saxophone
B.the author's friend was once a street musician
C.the 12-year-old girl played the trumpet very poorly
D.Clifford was a good music teacher
3.We can infer from the last paragraph that Developing Reading Skills________.
A.is directed to elementary school students
B.centers around vocabulary building skills
C.aims at helping students read better
D.offers elementary reading skills
4.The underlined word "struck" in Paragraph 2 most probably means "________".
A.impressed B.influenced C.proved D.awakened
5.With good reading skills, you can________.
A.understand anything you read without difficulty
B.work out the author's meaning only if you concentrate on the book
C.understand what you read with the help of a good dictionary
D.concentrate on whatever you read
