Question

    When Tom was growing up, other kids felt sorry for him. His parents always had him doing too much housework. But when Tom was an adult, he had more job satisfaction, a better marriage (婚姻) and was healthier. Most of all, he was far happier.

These are the findings of a 40-year study that followed the lives of 456 teenage boys from Boston. The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more worthwhile lives than those who had not. "Boys who worked in the home or community gained the ability to do things well and came to feel they were useful members of society," said George Vaillant, the psychologist (心理学家) who made the discovery. "And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them."

Vaillant's study followed these males in great detail. Interviews were repeated at ages 25, 31 and 47. Under Vaillant, the researchers compared the men's mental-health (心理健康) scores with  their boyhood-activity scores. Points were awarded for part-time jobs, housework, effort in school, and ability to deal with problem.

The relationship between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp. Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with different people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been out of job. The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out.

1.What do we knew about Tom?

A.He got little love from his parents.

B.He enjoyed his career and marriage.

C.He had few friends in his childhood.

D.He was disliked by others when young.

2.Vaillant's word, in Paragraph 2 serve as ________.

A.a description of personal values and social values

B.an explanation why some boys grew into happy men

C.an example for parents' expectations of their children

D.an analysis of the relationship between work and ability

3.Vaillant's team got their findings by ________.

A.studying the men's mental health

B.recording the boys' effort in school

C.comparing different sets of scores

D.deciding the men's problem-solving ability

4.What does the underlined word "sharp" mean in Paragraph 4?

A.严厉的 B.敏锐的 C.稳定的 D.明显的

Answer

1.B

2.B

3.C

4.D

【解析】

本文谈论了小时候多做家务，多实践活动，他们成年后会有更满意的工作，更美好的婚姻，更快乐了。人小时候的所作所为和成年后的表现之间的联系很明显，那些做过最多童年活动的人与不同的人有着亲密关系的可能性是其他人的两倍，高薪的可能性是其他人的5倍，失业的可能性低于前者的16倍。研究人员还发现，智商和家庭的社会经济阶层对男孩的成长没有实质性的影响。

1.

细节理解题。根据第1段第3句“But when Tom was an adult, he had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier.（但当汤姆成年后，他对工作更满意，婚姻更美满，更健康。）”可知他很喜欢他的事业和婚姻；故选B。

2.

主旨大意题。第2段意思是：“这是一项为期40年的研究的结果，该研究跟踪了来自波士顿的456名十几岁男孩的生活。这项研究表明，那些小时候工作过的人比那些没有工作过的人更快乐、更有价值。”“在家庭或社区工作的男孩获得了把事情做好的能力，并开始觉得他们是社会中有用的一员，”做出这一发现的心理学家乔治·维兰特说，“因为他们自信，其他人也对他们感觉满意。” 可知维兰特在第2段中的话解释了为什么有些男孩会成长为快乐的男人。故选B。

3.

细节理解题。第3段意思是：维兰特的研究对这些雄性进行了详细的研究。在25岁、31岁和47岁时，重复进行访谈。在维兰特的研究中，研究人员将男性的心理健康（心理健康）得分与他们童年时期的活动得分进行了比较。兼职工作、家务、在学校的努力程度和处理问题的能力都会得到分数。我们可知维兰特的研究小组通过比较不同的分数组得到了他们的发现。故选C。

4.

词意猜测题。根据下文“Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with different people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been out of job.（那些做过最多童年活动的人与不同的人有着亲密关系的可能性是其他人的两倍，高薪的可能性是其他人的5倍，失业的可能性低于前者的16倍。）”可知此句“The relationship between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp.”句意：这些人小时候的所作所为和成年后的表现之间的关系惊人地明显。可知"sharp"的意思是“明显的”。故选D。