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Confucius’ life and thought
Confucius(551—479 BC) was a great thinker and teacher in the Spring and Autumn Period of China. He was born in Qufu, capital of the state of Lu (part of Shandong). He acted as an official(官员) there. But he was perhaps a better thinker than he was an official and he ended up having to leave the state of Lu. He spent 13 years travelling around the other states, spreading his ideas. And he tried to teach people that peace was very important for a healthy society. However, it was not until the rule of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty(156-87 BC) that his ideas were finally put into practice. In his last few years, he returned to Qufu where he spent the rest of his life teaching. His teachings were recorded by his followers in a book called Lunyu.
Confucius’ teachings formed the base of Chinese thought. Confucius thought everyone should develop virtues(美德) and always do the right thing. Confucius’ thought is considered to have been the necessity of Eastern thought.
To help people understand how to behave towards others, he taught five virtues accepted by all Chinese. They are ren(kindness, charity), yi (fairness), li(ceremony, tradition), zhi(knowledge), and xin(trust). Another virtue is xiao. Xiao is the duties a person has to their parents. It means loving, respecting, obeying(服从), and taking care of one’s parents in their old age. Xiao forms the base of a peaceful society. And he is the final goal according to his thought. It means social peace.
Here’s one of Confucius’ famous sayings, “Do not do to others as you do not wish to be done to you.” Another saying of his is “In the company of two others, I can always find one worthy of being my teacher.”
It is clear that Confucius’ thought will continue to be a necessary part of Chinese culture. And it will continue to do something good to the development of China and even the whole world.
1. * working as an official * travelling around to spread his ideas * teaching in Qufu | Achievements * the book called Lunyu * the base of Chinese thought * a necessary part of 2. and 3.. * a help for the development of China and the world | Main thought *4. * doing the right thing * building a peaceful society (he) | |
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Virtues *ren: kindness, charity * yi: fairness *li: ceremony, tradition *zhi: knowledge * xin: trust * xiao: to love, respect, obey and take care of parents 5. is one of the virtues and people who believe in it will love everyone in the world. | Famous sayings A. Do not do to others as you do not wish to be done to you. B. In the company of two others, I can always find one worthy of being my teacher. Saying A teaches us how to 6. while Saying B is to tell people we can always 7.. | ||
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Close friends, think alike?
"What! You, too? I believed I was the only one." Have you ever said something like this to someone? 1.
It seems that similarity often helps form friendship. The Greek thinker Aristotle once said, "People regard friendship as a matter of similarity; they say that we love those who are like our-selves." 2. Scientists from University of California said friends have similar behaviors, Scientific American reported.
The scientists invited 42 university students to take part in a test. Each student watched the same set of videos, which included a comedy, a discussion and a soccer match. 3.According to their scans, friends who watched the same video reacted in similar ways. Similar parts of their brains lit up while watching the videos, especially parts that are connected with motivation(动机), learning and memory. 4.
"Seeing one's friends have similar behaviors will reinforce(强化)one's own values, opinions, and interests," lead scientist Carolyn Parkinson told Business Insider. 5. Scientists from the University of Leipzig, Germany, found that friendship is also based on how physically close you are to someone. The scientists did a test with first-year college students the first time they met in class. In this test, students who sat in neighboring seats were more likely to become friends.
A.Now, there is some science behind this idea.
B.If so, you may have ended up becoming friends with this person.
C.Friends share a lot of similarities, though there are some differences.
D.But brain similarity is not the only thing that can result in friendship.
E.However, people who weren't friends had different reactions to the same videos.
F.At the same time, scientists scanned their brains and recorded their brain activity.
People of Shanghai has i________ us to improve the rubbish collecting system.
Ms. Wang is very strict with us. She always asks us to do everything according to her i________.
This 5-year-old boy has such a good sense of d________ that he never gets lost.
It's u________ that he has been independent now under his mom's overprotection.
