Question

(2018·山东临沂)What was discovered by accident? The answer is penicillin (青霉素). It kills germs. By killing germs, it saves lives. Suppose you are sick. You go to a doctor. She examines you. She says you have a “staph” infection (葡萄球菌感染). She gives you some medicine. You take it. The medicine knocks out the staph. Soon you are well. Before penicillin, this would not happen. Staph was almost sure death.

Everyone wanted a medicine. Laboratories worked day and night. They grew the staph in small dishes. Then they tried to kill it. Nothing worked.

The laboratory dishes had covers on them. They kept things from falling into dishes. Molds (霉菌) were a big worry. They are always in the air. You can’t see them. They’re too small. There are thousands of different molds. Molds can make an experiment (实验) fail. That’s why dishes are covered.

Dr. Alexander Fleming was working to kill the staph germ. He worked for years. One day he took a cover off a dish. He looked inside. There was a thick growth of staph germ. There was also some mold. Then he saw something strange. Where the mold was, there was no growth of staph. This is what Fleming probably thought. “By accident, I found a mold to kill the dreaded staph.”

This is how penicillin was found. But here’s the real miracle (奇迹). There are thousands of kinds of molds. But only one kind can kill staph. The mold must have fallen into the dish a few days before. The cover was probably off only a few seconds (秒). In those few seconds the right mold fell into the right dish. Another man might have thrown the dish away. But Fleming was very careful and smart. He understood what the mold did. How lucky the humans were!

根据短文内容，选择最佳答案

1.During the experiments to find a medicine for staph infections, ________.

A. the dishes were not covered

B. staph and mold were put together

C. mold was kept in small dishes

D. staph was grown in small dishes

2.The word “ dreaded” means “_______”.

A. famous    B. scary

C. health    D. endangered

3.The last paragraph suggests that _______.

A. accidents happen to everyone

B. the careful person does not have accidents

C. the careless person will miss valuable chances

D. luck is enough when doing scientific experiments

4.Most of this passage is written by ______.

A. telling an unusual story    B. showing the results of experiments

C. offering some reasons    D. giving some advice

5.This passage is mainly about ______.

A. medicine for a staph infection    B. useful accidents

C. Dr. Fleming’s research    D. discovering penicillin

Answer

1.D

2.B

3.C

4.B

5.D

【解析】

短文大意：本文介绍了青霉素在实验室的意外发现以及主要用途。

1.题意：在寻找葡萄球菌感染的药物的实验中， 。考查细节理解题。A. the dishes were not covered盘子没有被覆盖。B. staph and mold were put together把葡萄球菌和霉菌放在一起。C. mold was kept in small dishes模具放在小碟子里。D. staph was grown in small dishes葡萄种在小碟子里。根据第二段第三句They grew the staph in small dishes.可知，在实验的过程中，青霉素是在密封的盘子里生长的。故选D。

2.题意：“dreaded”这个词的意思是 。考查词义猜测题。根据第一段You go to a doctor. She examines you. She says you have a “staph” infection，葡萄球菌能让人生病，可知它是“可怕的”，故选B。

3.题意：最后一段暗示了 。考查推理判断题。根据最后一段中There are thousands of kinds of molds. But only one kind can kill staph.，有数以万计的霉菌，但只有一个能杀死葡萄球菌，可知只有细心的人才能发现霉菌杀死葡萄球菌，粗心的人是得不到有价值的东西的，故选C。

4.题意：这篇文章的大部分都是通过 撰写的。考查综合理解题。根据短文内容，整篇文章都是通过实验介绍青霉素和霉菌是怎样被发现的，故选B。

5.题意：这篇文章主要是关于 的。考查主旨大意题。A. medicine for a staph infection用于葡萄球菌感染的药物；B. useful accidents有用的事故；C. Dr. Fleming’s research Fleming博士的研究；D. discovering penicillin发现青霉素。通读全文，本文介绍了青霉素在实验室的意外发现以及主要用途，故选D。