Question

    Have you ever had an experience where you meet someone new, learn their name and think to yourself, "Wow, they really look just like their names!" What does this mean? Scientists are suggesting that humans connect people's names with their appearance, and can even guess one's name based on how he looks.

Researchers at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in Israel collected thousands of photos of people's faces. They labeled each photo with four names. Then, they asked volunteers to guess which of the four names was correct. The volunteers were able to guess 38 percent of the right names. It seems that humans are able to recognize certain characteristics of faces that can give them clues about someone's name, Reader's Digest reported.

However, this only works when we're looking at names within our own culture. In addition, the volunteers are not good at guessing the real names of people who use nicknames more often than their real names. This shows that a person's appearance is influenced by his name only if he uses it often.

"This kind of face-name matching happens because of a process of self-fulfilling prophecy, as we become what other people expect us to become, "Ruth Mayo from the university told science news website Eurekalert.

The researchers believe there are also similar stereotypes about names. For example, people think that men named Bob should have rounder faces because the word itself looks round. People may think that women named Rose are beautiful, just like the flower they are named for.

1.What does the underlined word "labeled" mean in Chinese?

A.写在……上 B.利用 C.复制 D.支付

2.What can we learn from this research?

A.The volunteers guessed nearly 40 percent of right names.

B.Nicknames have a bigger influence on people's appearance.

C.Gender and race have no influence on a person's appearance.

D.People are good at recognizing the different characteristics of faces.

3.Dr. Ruth Mayo thinks some people look like their names because of ________.

A.their culture B.a self-fulfilling prophecy

C.racial stereotypes D.their living environment

4.According to the story, men named Bob are expected to ________.

A.have big eyes B.wear glasses C.look beautiful D.have round faces

5.What does the text mainly tell us?

A.It's not polite to ask strangers about their names.

B.There are several ways to guess a stranger's name.

C.A person's appearance can be influenced by three sides.

D.People can guess others' names based on their appearance.

Answer

1.A

2.A

3.B

4.D

5.D

【解析】

【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人的名字往往和外貌有关，人们甚至可以根据他人的外貌来猜测他们的名字，一些人看起来名如其人是因为一种自我实现预言。
1. 词义猜测题。题干意为：划线单词"labeled"的中文意思是什么?根据划线单词所在句的前后内容可知，此处应是在每张照片上写下四个名字。故选A。
2. 细节理解题。题干意为：从这个研究我们可以了解到什么?根据文章第二段第四句"The volunteers were able to guess 38 percent of the hames right."可知，志愿者们猜对了38%的名字，A项表述正确。故选A。
3. 细节理解题。题干意为：Ruth Mayo博士认为一些人看起来名如其人是因为________。根据文章第四段第一句"...because of a process of self-fulfilling prophecy"可知，博士认为是因为一种自我实现预言。故选B。
4. 细节理解题。题干意为：根据这篇文章，名叫Bob的男性被期望________。根据文章最后一段第二句"For example, people think that men named Bob should have rounder faces because the word itself looks round."可知，人们认为叫Bob的人会有圆圆的脸。故选D。
5. 主旨大意题。题干意为：这篇文章主要告诉我们什么?根据文章第一段最后一句"Scientists are suggesting that humans connect people's names with their appearance, and can even guess one's name based on how he looks."可知，可以人们通过外貌来猜测他人的名字。故选D。