Question

阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容，在文章后每个 小题的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填 1 个单词。

Because of the novel coronavirus, it is useful for many people to wear masks to avoid illness. In fact, masks have been helping humans for centuries. Let’s take a look at something about masks.

1st century

During that period, many people in Roman Empire lived a hard life and had to work underground in mines to support their families. But after several years’ work, most of them had difficulty breathing normally and finally died. To solve this problem, Pliny the Elder (23-79 AD), a Roman philosopher and naturalist, recommended the use of animal bladder ( 膀 胱 ) skins to stop dust from being taken in. After that, his idea was considered the very first recorded mask invention.

16th century

Early inventions did not stop with Pliny. Many centuries later, Italian artist and inventor Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), put forward a suggestion of using a wet cloth over the face to protect against the harmful chemicals.

19th century

The design of the mask took a big step forward in the 19th century. In 1848, American Lewis Hassley started to patent (注册) a protective mask for miners, which was a landmark. Masks at this stage were similar to gas masks. Later, in 1897, Polish-Austrian doctor Johann von Mikulicz-Radecki designed a simple mask made of one layer of gauze ( 纱 布 ), recommending medical workers to wear it to prevent infection. Since then, surgical masks have appeared.

20th century

In 1910, an epidemic broke out in Northeast China. Chinese doctor Wu Liande designed a cheap face mask called “Wu’s mask”. Made of two layers of surgical

gauze, it could be wrapped (缠绕) around the back of the head and tied in a knot. This mask was praised by experts around the world, as it was easier to make and had a lower production cost.

Modern exploration

With the development of science technology, the materials in masks have been improved to better protect its wearer. For example, in 2012 when China suffered from smog, mask models such as N95 and KN90 became highly popular. In the future, masks will continue to improve, hopefully so will the habits of humans.

The1.of the mask
Wearing masks is of great 2. to protect oneself against the illness. In fact, masks have been helping humans for centuries.
1st century	◆    Many people in Roman Empire couldn’t afford their family3.they worked underground in mines. But after several years’ work, most of them had difficulty breathing normally and finally died. ◆    It was Pliny the Elder who4.with this problem by recommending the use of animal bladder (膀胱) skins to stop dust. This is the first recorded mask.
16th century	◆    To avoid the harmful chemicals, Leonardo da Vinci 5.a suggestion of using a wet cloth over the face for us.
19th century	◆    In 1848, American Lewis Hassley became the 6. person to patent (注册专利) a protective mask for miners, which was a landmark. ◆    In 1897, Polish-Austrian doctor Johann von designed a simple mask made of one layer of gauze ( 纱 布 ) and recommended medical workers to wear it. That was 7.surgical masks appeared.
20th century	◆In 1910, the face mask called “Wu’s mask” was spoken highly of by experts around the world, as it cost 8.and was made more easily.
Modern exploration	◆    With the development of science technology, the materials in masks have been improved to reduce the9.of getting illness. ◆    In the future, it is 10.that masks will continue to improve, as well as the habits of humans.

Answer

1.history

2.use

3.so

4.dealt

5.provided

6.first

7.how

8.less

9.risk

10.hoped

【解析】

本文主要讲述了口罩的历史。

1.

主旨大意题。根据第1大段“Let’s take a look at something about masks.”我们来看一下口罩的一些东西；再联系小标题“1st century”“ 16th century”“ 19th century”“ 20th century”1世纪，16世纪，19世纪，20世纪。可知，本文主要讲述了口罩的历史。故答案填history。

2.

细节理解题。根据第1大段“it is useful for many people to wear masks to avoid illness.”戴口罩对于很多人来说避免疾病是有用的。可知，是有用的；空格处缺少名词表示有用。故答案填use。

3.

细节理解题。根据第2大段“During that period, many people in Roman Empire lived a hard life and had to work underground in mines to support their families.”罗马帝国的许多人都过着艰苦的生活，不得不在地下矿井工作来养家糊口。可知，罗马帝国人因为不能养家糊口所以不得不在地下矿井工作。空格处缺少连词所以。故答案填so。

4.

细节理解题。根据第2大段“To solve this problem, Pliny the Elder (23-79 AD), a Roman philosopher and naturalist, recommended the use of animal bladder ( 膀 胱 ) skins to stop dust from being taken in.”为了解决这个问题，普林尼推荐用膀胱皮来阻止空气进入。可知，空格处的意思是解决这个问题，deal with解决，一般过去时，动词用过去式。故答案填dealt。

5.

细节理解题。根据第3大段“Italian artist and inventor Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), put forward a suggestion of using a wet cloth over the face to protect against the harmful chemicals.”意大利的达芬奇建议用湿布覆盖脸来预防这些有害的化学物质。可知，空格处缺少动词表示提供，给某人提供某物provide sth. for sb.；一般过去时动词用一般过去式。故答案填provided。

6.

细节理解题。根据第4大段“In 1848, American Lewis Hassley started to patent (注册) a protective mask for miners, which was a landmark.” 1848年，美国的刘易斯开始为矿工申请保护面罩，可知，刘易斯成为了为矿工申请保护面罩的第一人。第一first。故答案填first。

7.

细节理解题。根据第4大段“Later, in 1897, Polish-Austrian doctor Johann von Mikulicz-Radecki designed a simple mask made of one layer of gauze ( 纱 布 ), recommending medical workers to wear it to prevent infection. Since then, surgical masks have appeared.” 1897年，Johann设计了一层纱布的简单面罩，建议医护人员戴以防被感染，从那时开始，外科口罩就出现了。可知，这就是外科口罩生产的过程。空格处缺少单词表示怎么样。故答案填how。

8.

细节理解题。根据第5大段“This mask was praised by experts around the world, as it was easier to make and had a lower production cost.”这种口罩因为容易生产，生产成本更低被全世界的专家所称赞。可知，是花费更少，less更少，故答案填less。

9.

细节理解题。根据第6大段“With the development of science technology, the materials in masks have been improved to better protect its wearer.” 随着科学技术的发展，口罩的材料已的改进了，以更好地保护佩戴者。可知，是为了减少人们生病的风险；句子成分分析，空格处缺少名称表示风险，risk风险，可数名词，特指生病的风险用单数形式。故答案填risk。

10.

细节理解题。根据第6大段“In the future, masks will continue to improve, hopefully so will the habits of humans.”在未来，口罩将继续改进，希望人类的习惯也会改善。可知，人类的习惯和口罩被寄予了希望。空格处缺少动词过去分词形式表示被希望，希望hope。故答案填hoped。