Question

文言文阅读(25分)

阅读下列文段，完成后面题

呜呼！予之及于死者，不知其几矣！诋大酋当死；骂逆贼当死；与贵酋处二十日，争曲直，屡当死；去京口，挟匕首以备不测，几自刭死；经北舰十余里，为巡船所物色，几从鱼腹死；真州逐之城门外，几彷徨死；如扬州，过瓜洲扬子桥，竟使遇哨，无不死；扬州城下，进退不由，殆例送死；坐桂公塘土围中，骑数千过其门，几落贼手死；贾家庄几为巡徼所陵迫死；夜趋高邮，迷失道，几陷死；质明，避哨竹林中，逻者数十骑，几无所逃死；至高邮，制府檄下，几以捕系死；行城子河，出入乱尸中，舟与哨相后先，几邂逅死；至海陵，如高沙，常恐无辜死；道海安、如皋，凡三百里，北与寇往来其间，无日而非可死；至通州，几以不纳死；以小舟涉鲸波出，无可奈何，而死固付之度外矣。呜呼！死生，昼夜事也。死而死矣，而境界危恶，层见错出，非人世所堪。痛定思痛，痛何如哉！

（节选自《指南录后序》）

1.下列句子中加点词的解释，有错误的一项是（3分）

A．予之及于死者            及：碰到、濒临

B．诋大酋当死              诋：辱骂

C．真州逐之城门外            逐：追逐

D．道海安、如皋            道：经过、取道

2.下列各组句子中，加点的词的意义和用法相同的一组是（3分）

A．意北亦尚可以口舌动也 / 然而隐忍以行

B．而幸生也何为 / 死生，昼夜事也

C．将请罪于君 / 缙绅、大夫、士萃于左丞相府

D．死而死矣，而境界危恶/ 惜其用武而不终也

3.下列各句句式与例句相同的的几项是（3分）

例句：为巡船所物色，几从鱼腹死

①贾家庄几为巡徼所陵迫死    ②将请罪于君      ③死生，昼夜事也  

④激于义而死焉者也          ⑤恐年岁之不吾与  ⑥洎牧以谗诛    

A．①④⑥   B．②③⑤   C．①②③   D．④⑤⑥

4.下列对选文的概括与分析不正确的一项是（3分）                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       

A．本段作者痛定思痛，借回顾九死一生的经历，抒发精忠报国的激情。

B．一句“呜呼！予之及于死者，不知其几矣！”引出了作者对九死一生经历的回顾。

C．本段作者一口气历数十八个“死”，写出了非人世所堪的险恶经历，再现了此次北行历经的磨难。

D．“死生，昼夜事也。死而死矣”表明了文天祥对死亡的态度，“痛定思痛，痛何如哉”表明了文天祥对自己经历的磨难还是有怨悔之意的。

5.把下列句子翻译成现代汉语。（13分）

（1）过瓜洲扬子桥，竟使遇哨，无不死。（4分）

译文：                                                    

（2）且立石于其墓之门，以旌其所为。（4分）

译文：                                                 ______________

（3）有贤士大夫发五十金，买五人之脰而函之，卒与尸合。（5分）

译文：                                                     ______________

Answer

1.C

2.D

3.A

4.D

5.

（1）路过瓜洲扬子桥，假使遇上元军哨兵，也不会不死。

（2） 并且在他们的墓门之前竖立碑石，来表彰他们的事迹。

（3）有几位贤士大夫拿出五十两银子，买了五人的头颅，用匣子装起来，最后同尸身合在一起。

【解析】

1.

试题分析：此类题目一定要在答题时把实词放回到原文中进行结合具体语境和上下文来理解。C项逐：逐出。

考点：理解常见文言实词在文中的含义。能力层级为理解B。

2.

试题分析：此类题目要注意“意义和用法”必须都相同，分析思考文言虚词的意义和用法，要根据所在句子的前后词语的词性来判断。A ．用/相当于“而”，表修饰B．句中表停顿/句末语气词C．向/在 D．连词，表转折。

考点：理解常见文言虚词在文中的意义和用法。能力层级为理解B。

3.

试题分析：掌握常见句式：判断句、省略句、被动句、倒装句（主谓倒装、宾语前置、定语后置、介宾短语后置），注意在翻译中的落实。A①④⑥和例句都是被动句，②介宾短语后置③判断句⑤否定句代词作宾语，宾语前置。

考点：筛选文中的信息。能力层级为C。

4.

试题分析：此类题目要在整体把握文章大意的基础上进行分析思考，结合文章具体的上下文来判断。注意时间、地点、人物、事件等要素是否存在张冠李戴的错误。D项中“还是有怨悔之意的”错误，原文中无悔恨之意

考点：筛选文中的信息。能力层级为分析综合C。

5.

试题分析：此类题目在翻译时首先要找出关键字或句式进行翻译，逐字落实（留、换、删、补、调——五字法翻译：保留原文表名称的词；将古文单音节词转换为现代汉语的双音节词，古意转换为今意；删掉不需要翻译的虚词；补出省略成分；调整倒装句语序），一般为直译，除一些带有比喻性的词语然后再整体翻译，并按现代汉语的规范，达到文通句顺。注意（1）“竟使”含义（2）介宾短语后置——于其墓之门，“以”、“旌”的含义（3）古今异义——发，重点词——脰，名词活用作动词——函，虚词——卒。

考点：理解并翻译文中的句子。能力层级为理解B

【译文】唉！我到达死亡的境地不知有多少次了！痛骂元军统帅该当死；辱骂叛国贼该当死；与元军头目相处二十天，争论是非曲直，多次该当死；离开京口，带着匕首以防意外，几次想要自杀死；经过元军兵舰停泊的地方十多里，被巡逻船只搜寻，几乎投江喂鱼而死；真州守将把我逐出城门外，几乎走投无路而死；到扬州，路过瓜洲扬子桥，假使遇上元军哨兵，也不会不死；扬州城下，进退两难，几乎等于送死；坐在桂公塘的土围中，元军数千骑兵从门前经过，几乎落到敌人手中而死；在贾家庄几乎被巡察兵凌辱逼迫而死；夜晚奔向高邮，迷失道路，几乎陷入沼泽而死；天亮时，到竹林中躲避哨兵，巡逻的骑兵有好几十，几乎无处逃避而死；到了高邮，制置使官署的通缉令下达，几乎被捕而死；经过城子河，在乱尸中出入，我乘的船和敌方哨船一前一后行进，几乎不期而遇被杀死；到海陵，去高沙，常担心没有罪过而死；经过海安、如皋，总计三百里，元兵与盗贼往来其间，没有一天不可能死；到通州，几乎由于不被收留而死；靠了一条小船渡过惊涛骇浪，实在无可奈何，对于死本已置之度外了！唉！死和生，不过是昼夜之间的事罢了，死就死了，可是像我这样境界险恶，坏事层叠交错涌现，实在不是人世间所能忍受的。痛苦过去以后，再去追思当时的痛苦，那是何等的悲痛啊！