Important change took place in the lives of women in the 19th century. When men went out from their farms to cities to seek jobs in industry. Peasant women had to take over the sowing, growing,and harvesting of the fields as well as caring for cattle and their children. When women also moved to the cities in search of work, they found that it was increasingly. separated by sex and that employment opportunities for women were limited to the lower-paid jobs. Later in the century, women in industry gathered mainly in cloth-making factories, though some worked in mining or took similarly difficult and tiring jobs.
In the 1800s, service work also absorbed(吸纳) a great number of women who arrived in the cities from the country. Young women especially took jobs as servants in middle-class and upper-class homes; and as more and more men were drawn into industry, domestic service(家庭服务) because increasingly a female job. In the second half of the century, however, chances of other service work also opened up to women, from sales jobs in shops to teaching and nursing. These jobs came to be done mainly by women and low paid.
For thousands of years, when almost all work was done on the family farm or in the family firm(家庭作坊)，home and workplace had been the same, In these cases, women could do farm work or hand work, and perform home duties such as child care and preparation of meals at the same time, Along with the development of industry, the central workplace, however, such as the factory and the department store, separated home from work, Faced with the necessity for women to choose between home and workplace, Western society began to give particular attention to the role of women as homemakers with more energy than ever before.
1.We learn from the first paragraph that had been done chiefly by men before they went to cities to seek jobs.
A. mining, teaching, and nursing
B. sewing clothes and mining
C. sowing, growing, and harvesting
D. caring for cattle and growing crops
2.Domestic service because a female job mainly because .
A. women took care of children.
B. women took jobs as servants
C. men were employed in industry
D. men seldom worked in shops
3.we know from the passage that in the 1800s___________.
A. more and more women began to work in domestic service
B. women mainly worked as servants, nurses, and miners
C. service and industrial jobs absorbed more women than men
D. women enjoyed working as sellers, teachers, and miners
4.This passage is about in the 19th century.
A. service and industry B. female and male jobs
C. women and their work D. female jobs and the pay
Collecting information about pre-employment and filling out an application form (申请表)are closely connected, However, filling out an application form is much easier because you have total control and have enough time to think and plan.
That you are given a form to fill out does not necessarily mean that you have to answer all the questions in it. If the form contains unclear questions or terms and conditions, you can make some changes before signing (签约)it, or refuse to answer some of the questions. What you must realize is that those terms and conditions have been written by highly paid lawyers. Each word is important, or it would not be there; and you can be sure that there is not anything there that is written with your interests in mind.
I know what I speak of because, as a lawyer for Litton Industries. I wrote the terms and conditions that were printed on the back of order forms, I wrote the most tiring terms and conditions anyone has ever seen. Still, 90 percent of the buyers would just sign on them without questioning anything, If anyone questions them. We would reach an agreement on something that was acceptable to both sides.
So when you see a preprinted application that contains questions or terms and conditions, read it all and read it slowly. If you don’t like something, you can simply change the parts you don’t like, Remember that everything can be settled by discussion. To what degree it can be settled depends on your position(立场),of course, and that is something only you can determine.
1.Filling out application forms is much “easier” because .
A. everything connected with application forms is easier
B. it is easier to collect information about pre-employment
C. you can plan and have control of the needed time
D. you can control the form filling with enough time
2.We can learn from the underlined part” Each word is important” that
.
A. everything in a form must be read carefully
B. questions in a form must be answered
C. the conditions that interest you are changeable
D. something of your interests is most important
3.The writer points out with an example that the side who will sign a form
.
A. may know it is tiring for both sides to ask questions
B. has to hire a highly paid lawyer to fill out the form
C. should to refuse to answer the questions in the form.
D. can reach an agreement with the other side by discussion
4.It can be inferred from the 4th paragraph that____________
A. it depends on your position to settle everything in a form.
B. questions in a form are more important than your position
C. you have little right to determine the conditions you like most.
D. you must change a preprinted application before it is discussed.
Department stores sell ready-to-wear clothing, which is also called ready-made-clothing. Such clothing is made in fixed sizes. Those people who find that ready-made clothing fits them well can save money by buying it. Most often, People do not fit exactly into a producer’s size. Their clothing must be altered(改变)to make it fit better, However, most alterations are not very expensive. The small cost of most alterations means that ready-made clothing can meet the needs of most customers.
Those who can afford it often get someone to design and make their clothing. Such clothing is called custom-made(定做的). The person who makes it measures the customer, and then sews it so that it fits perfectly. Alterations are not needed. Custom-made clothing is largely sewn by hand, has better quality, better material, and is of the style you have chosen. Of course, it costs much more than ready-to-wear clothing. You need to pay the difference for the special fitting and better skill that you are receiving. This often means that you spend double or more than you would for a ready-made garment（衣服）.
Custom-made clothing is not always that much better than ready-made clothing. It costs more partly because only one garment has been made, just for you. Companies that produce ready-made products make thousands of garments at a time. This means they can buy large quantities of material. Workers cut each size by the hundreds. Companies work out ways to make the garments, quickly by machine and pay workers according to their skill. Thus they can sell the finished products at a low price while still making money. Most of the clothing sold in the United States is made in this way. Customers gain from the lower prices which are made possible by mass production（批量生产）.It may or may not give them high quality.
1.According to the passage, people who buy ready-made clothing .
A. wish to make alterations
B. can fit into the sizes
C. want to make it better
D. will spend less money
2.We can learn from the passage that custom-made clothing is .
A. specially made
B. fashionably designed
C. chosen by few people
D. made with difficulties
3.Which of the following is true about ready-made clothing?
A. It is of poor quality.
B. It suits all people.
C. It takes more time to make it.
D. It is labor-saving to make it.
4.The purpose of the writer is .
A. to explain why custom-made clothing costs more
B. to show the advantages of mass production
C. to provide information about different kind-of clothing
D. to tell readers how to make money from ready-made clothing
Unlike modern animal scientists, dinosaur scientists cannot sit on a hillside and use telescopes to watch dinosaurs in order to know how they lived and whether they were good parents Instead, they have to search hard for information from dinosaurs’ fossils(恐龙化石) because dinosaurs died out millions of years ago.
It’s very difficult for the scientists to reach an agreement because different results can be got from the same fossils. Many fossils of the same kind of dinosaurs have been dug out from one place. They might have formed when an entire group of dinosaurs got stuck(陷入)all at once. Or they might have been the result of dinosaurs getting stuck one after another over a course of a few centuries. Thus we can say that dinosaurs might have in the first case lived in big groups and in the second lived alone.
Though there are two different results, dinosaur scientists now generally agree that at least some kinds of dinosaurs lived in big groups. “That’s pretty much settled at this point.” Says Paul Sereno, A kind of dinosaurs called Sauropods left behind tracks in the western United States that appear to run north and south, suggesting that they even moved long distances together.
As to whether dinosaurs cared for their young, dinosaur scientists have turned to the closest living relatives of dinosaurs ― birds and crocodiles ― for possible models. Birds give a lot of care to their young, while crocodiles just help their young to the water. The discovered fossils of dinosaurs sitting on their eggs and staying with their young suggest the parents were taking care of their babies, but we still cannot say that all dinosaurs did the same.
There is still a long way to go before the above questions could be answered. Dinosaur scientists will have to find more proof to reach an agreement.
1.Dinosaur scientists can get information directly by .
A. studying dinosaur fossils
B. examining modern animals
C. watching dinosaurs
D. using telescopes
2.What is pretty much settled according to Paul Sereno?
A. Half of the dinosaurs lived alone.
B. Most dinosaurs moved long distances.
C. Many dinosaurs settled in the north.
D. Some dinosaurs lived in big groups.
3.Dinosaur scientists can probably know whether dinosaurs were good parents by .
A. watching many kinds of animals
B. studying dinosaurs’ living relatives
C. following the tracks left behind
D. working on dug-out dinosaur eggs
4.Which of the following the according to the 4th paragraph?
A. Birds hardly ay attention to their young.
B. Baby crocodiles can look after themselves well.
C. Some dinosaurs took care of their young.
D. Birds and crocodiles take good care of their young.
Have you ever dreamed of having a fashionable watch of great value?
A small watchmaker in Switzerland in 1922 designed the first automatic(自动的)watch to show the day, month, and date, Only seven of these splendid watches were ever made and these watches were almost lost to history. Today, it is so hard to get an original (首批的) watch that some watch historians are even willing to offer $ 200,000 for one.
These watches attracted a lot of people for their splendid color, fashionable style, and new uses in the 1920s. The owners of the watches were admired and set apart from the crowd. Because the number of the original watches is very limited, owning such a watch will make you feel very special.
Today, you are offered the same kind of watch with improvement. It has a 24-jewel mechanical(机械的) movement, the kind desired by watch collectors, The watchmaker has made the movement of the watch much more modern with an automatic rotor(上弦装置) so that the watch never needs to be wound by hand. The watches come in a very beautiful case with a crocodile design on it. To get a watch in such a perfect design means to get a chance to know a piece of watch-making history and to wear such a watch will show your personal taste and social position.
You can get the watch either in person or by mail all an affordable price. You will also receive good service from the watch seller. If you are not satisfied with the watch after you get it, you may simply return it within 30 days. Don’t miss the chance to realize your dream.
1.The original automatic watches are valuable because .
A. the watches were made many years ago
B. the watches were made by a Swiss watchmaker
C. only rich people can afford the watches
D. only a few watches of the kind were made
2.Watch collectors want to get the improved watch, especially for its
.
A. mechanical movement
B. splendid color
C. fashionable style
D. new uses
3.The purpose of the passage is to encourage the readers to .
A. buy the watch
B. return the watch
C. wear the watch
D. receive the service
4.The passage is probably taken from a .
A. report
B. magazine
C. text book
D. science book
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
It was a bright spring afternoon when Freda told me she wouldn’t need me any more. I had just finished my four-hour work － 1up and down the stairs of her three-storey home, cleaning the floor and washing the dished. She was 2jeans and a sweater, sitting at the table I had just 3. a pile of papers spread around her. Her husband’s 4was going to be reduced by thirty percent. And they were trying to live as if it had 5happened. I felt sorry for her， but I also felt a sense of 6.
I had been cleaning Freda’s house for five years and had 7an unexpected relationship with the family. It was not just 8I had become an expert at scraping（刮掉）dirt stuck to their wooden floor, 9that I had learned exactly how to place toys on the girls’ beds. It was 10than that, for I felt I had become a part of their 11.
Freda stayed at home with the kids, 12I would often see her in the morning 13
them to school. And I’d be there when they 14home at lunch for sandwiches and piano practice. I had 15them grow up. Now I was fired, but the_16__ thing was that I still wanted to keep scraping away the dirt and dust for the family.
I left Freda’s house that day, wondering about the 17relationship with my clients（主顾）. Who am I 18them? As a matter of fact. I’m 19an employee － the lowest kind of employee. But I’m also a trusted 20of the family. I can’t help worrying about what happens around me.
1.A. stepping B. coming C. jumping D. moving
2.A. hanging B. making C. wearing D. changing
3.A. cleaned B. washed C. swept D. brushed
4.A. duty B. money C. work D. pay
5.A. already B. seldom C. never D. yet
6.A. regret B. surprise C. fear D. loss
7.A. started B. developed C. improved D. broken
8.A. why B. what C. that D. which
9.A. but B. and C. or D. for
10.A. less B. least C. more D. most
11.A. life B. story C. activity D. experience
12.A. as B. so C. since D. however
13.A. taking B. bringing C. meeting D. calling
14.A. left B. returned C. went D. marched
15.A. found B. noticed C. watched D. realized
16.A. possible B. great C. proper D. strange
17.A. meaning B. nature C. result D. importance
18.A. for B. to C. with D .at
19.A. hardly B. certainly C. probably D. merely
20.A. member B. person C. relative D. companion
