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We typically associate the word “science...

 

We typically associate the word “science” with a person in a white coat doing experiments in a laboratory. Ideally, experiments should play as big a role in the human sciences as they do in the natural sciences; but in practice this is not usually the case. The are at least three reasons for this.

1.Human scientists are often trying to make sense of complex real world situations in which it is simply impossible to run controlled experiment.

2.The artificiality of some of the experiments that can be conducted may make the behavior of the participants abnormal.

3.There are moral reasons for not conducting experiments that have a negative effect on the people who participate in them.

Faced with the above difficulties, what are human scientists to do? One solution is to wait for nature to provide the appropriate experimental conditions. We can, for example, learn something about how a normal brain functions by looking at people who have suffered brain damage; and we can gain some understanding into the roles played by genes and the environment by studying twins, who have been separated at birth and brought up in different families. In the case of economics, economic history can provide us with a bank of-admittedly not very well-controlled-experimental data.

However, human scientists do not just sit around waiting for natural experiments to arise. They also think of some experiments of their own. Suppose you want to know how a baby sees the world. We cannot, of course, ask the baby since it has not yet learnt to speak. So it might seem that all we can do is guess. People usually won’t change their mind until it was found out that babies tend to stare at surprising things longer than at unsurprising ones. This key understanding was like opening a window on to the developing mind. There was now a way of testing babies’ expectations and getting some idea of how they are six months old, babies can already do the following things: figuring out that objects consist of parts that move together being aware of the difference between living and non-living things and even doing simple arithmetic work.

1.What is true about the natural sciences and the human sciences according to this passage?

A.Both human scientists and natural scientists can run controlled experiments.

B.Experiments done by human scientists and natural scientists are artificial.

C.Both human and natural science experiments should be of the same importance.

D.It’s not moral to conduct human science experiments.

2.What do we know about human scientists from this passage?

A.They are white coat scientists.

B.They have more experimental sources than natural scientists.

C.They conduct experiments passively.

D.They face more difficulties in carrying out their research.

3.Which of the following experiments belongs to human science experiment?

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A.                Vinegar Volcano Vinegar and baking soda make.

                    for a fun and easy science experiment. Try creating a

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                     vinegar volcano.

B.                  Taste Without Smell Put your senses to the test

                     with this simple experiment that shows the

importance of your sense of smell.

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C.                 Lung Function Observe your breath and confirm

                     your lung volume by completing this experiment.

D.                 Make a Rainbow Use sunlight and water to

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make your own rainbow with this cool experiment

that will teach kids how rainbows work while they

enjoy a fun activity

4.What does the author tell us in this passage?

A.ABCs about the science experiment.

B.Some knowledge of science.

C.Some differences between the human sciences and the natural sciences.

D.The similarity of the natural sciences and the human sciences.

 

1.C   2.D 3.C 4.C
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Most book reviews start with a heading that includes all the basic information about the book, like:

Title.

Author.

Place of publication; publisher, date of publication.

Number of pages.

Like most pieces of writing, the review usually begins with an introduction that lets your readers know what the review will say. The first paragraph usually includes the author and title again, so your readers don’t have to look up to find this information. You should also include a very brief description of the contents of the book, the purpose or audience for the book, and your reaction and evaluation.

    Then you move into a section of background information that helps place the book in context and discusses criteria for judging the book. Next, the review gives a summary of the main points of the book, quoting(引用) and explaining key phrases from the author. Finally, you get to the heart of your review – your evaluation of the book. In this section, you might discuss some of the following issues:

how well the book has achieved its goal

what possibilities are suggested by the book

what the book has left out

how the book compares with others on the subject

what specific points are not convincing

what personal experiences you’ve had related to the subject.

It is important to use labels to carefully distinguish your views from the author’s, so that you don’t confuse your reader.

Then, like other essays, you can end with a direct comment on the book, and tie together issues raised in the review in a conclusion.

There is, of course, no set form, but a general rule is that the first one – half to two – thirds of the review should summarize the author’s main ideas and at least one – third should evaluate the book.

1.What is the most important part of a book review?

    A.The heading.                     B.The evaluation.

    C.The conclusion.                                    D.The introduction.

2.It can be confusing to readers if          .

    A.there is no heading in a book review

    B.the book has achieved its goal

    C.the viewer’s point of view is not distinguished from the author’s

    D.the book is compared with others on the same subject

3.What is NOT suggested for a book review in this passage?

    A.Quoting from the author of the book.

    B.Providing some book information.

    C.Analyzing only the author of the book.

    D.Comparing the book with others of a similar subject.

4.The best title for this passage is “         ”.

    A.Steps to follow

    B.Tips for writing a book review

    C.The way to develop your idea

    D.Things not to be avoided in a book review

 

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阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

My parents passed away ten years ago and I miss them terribly. But I know they are with me every day in what they taught me and in the   1they gave me. Every morning my father’s message to me was: Remember that   2you walk out of this door, you carry responsibility, the good name of this family, the hopes and dreams of your mom and dad. My mother often urged me to   3the high standards she set for me.

When I was in high school, I played in a rock band with friends in my class. We were devoted and practiced constantly. We moved past the guys – in – a – garage stage and   4to be pretty good, doing getting – paid gigs (演奏会) most weekends, which made me   5. At that time, though part of me was   6up in that band, another part of me was the oldest son in the Clark family,   7of my origin and a dedicated student busy applying to colleges. Without even telling my parents, I applied to Harvard. I didn’t think I had much chance of getting in,   8I wanted to try. So I was riding around being Mr Cool Rock Musician half of the time, and the other half I was focused on family and   9goals. I was running on parallel   10.

When the group won a city wide Battle of the Bands, things heated up. My band mates had stars in their eyes – we might be able to make it big. However, I began to feel   11. I realized I was on quite different tracks: I   12was becoming two people,   13identities back and forth depending on who I was with. I had to make an option. As I considered my   14, my parents’ words were right there, helping me to see that my dreams weren’t about signing a record deal, letting my hair grow, and living in a tour bus. So I   15out. My bandmasters were   16. They thought I was crazy to withdraw   17the peak of real success. But however successful that band got, I knew it wasn’t in line with my   18, with my feeling of what I was   19to do, with who I was – it simply wasn’t me.

In that instant and in many others throughout my life, my parent’s advice has helped me recenter and   20. I could remember who I was – the hopes and dreams I carried.

1.A.property         B.advice         C.guide          D.aid

2.A.when             B.before         C.while          D.since

3.A.come up with     B.stand up to    C.live up to     D.keep pace with

4.A.got              B.failed         C.hoped          D.attempted

5.A.lost             B.disappointed   C.confused       D.thrilled

6.A.wrapped          B.centred        C.spent          D.offered

7.A.scared           B.proud          C.guilty         D.ashamed

8.A.if               B.unless         C.until          D.yet

9.A.economic         B.political      C.academic       D.literary

10.A.tracks          B.ways           C.processes      D.directions

11.A.confident       B.optimistic     C.cheerful       D.uncomfortable

12.A.exactly         B.actually       C.eventually     D.fortunately

13.A.switching       B.acting         C.discovering    D.seeking

14.A.conditions      B.choices        C.competence     D.health

15.A.gave            B.looked         C.called         D.dropped

16.A.disturbed       B.cool           C.shocked        D.tolerant

17.A.in              B.to             C.by             D.at

18.A.goals           B.interests      C.personality    D.consideration

19.A.meant           B.demanded       C.forced         D.aimed

20.A.recall          B.refocus        C.rebuild        D.reunite

 

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 --- Could you fetch me my glasses from the kitchen?

    ---          .

    A.It’s a pleasure                                   B.At your service

    C.It doesn’t matter                                 D.That’s my pleasure

 

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 You can’t complain of being lonely          you don’t make an effort to meet people and make friends with them.

    A.while          B.when           C.whenever       D.though

 

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 from the operation, the patient was advised to stay in hospital for another two weeks.

    A.Having not fully recovered       B.Being not fully recovered

    C.Not having fully recovered       D.Not fully recovering

 

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