Anyone who cares about what schools and colleges teach and how their students learn will be interested in the memoir（回忆录）of Ralph W. Tyler, who is one of the most famous men in American education.
Born in Chicago in 1902, brought up and schooled in Nebraska, the 19-year-old college graduate Ralph Tyler became hooked on teaching while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from medicine to education.
Graduate work at the University of Chicago found him connected with honorable educators Charles Judd and W. W. Charters, whose ideas of teaching and testing had an effect on his later work. In 1927, he became a teacher of Ohio State University where he further developed a new method of testing.
Tyler became well-known nationality in 1938, when he carried his work with the Eight-Year Study from Ohio State University to the University of Chicago at the invitation of Robert Hutchins.
Tyler was the first director of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford, a position he held for fourteen years. There, he firmly believed that researchers should be free to seek an independent spirit in their work.
Although Tyler officially retired in 1967, he never actually retired. He served on a long list of educational organizations in the United States and abroad. Even in his 80s he traveled across the country to advise teachers and management people on how to set objectives（目标）that develop the best teaching and learning within their schools.
1.Who are most probably interested in Ralph W. Tyler’s memoir?
A. Top managers. B. Language learners.
C. Serious educators. D. Science organizations.
2.The words “hooked on teaching” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean ________.
A. attracted to teaching B. tired of teaching
C. satisfied with teaching D. unhappy about teaching
3.Where did Tyler work as the leader of a research center for over 10 years?
A. The University of Chicago. B. Stanford University.
C. Ohio State University. D. Nebraska University.
The next great land area that man hopes to control is the moon. In size it is nearly equal to the area of North and South America. However, it presents a hostile (不友好的) environment. Temperatures range +120 to -150 degrees Centigrade (摄氏). There is no air, and no water.
Today there is considerable scientific speculation (思索) about living on the moon. When man will begin life on the moon surface is still not determined. But experts believe that settlement will take place in three steps. First, there will be increasing periods of exploration with temporary shelters (临时住所). These periods will be followed by longer stays with housing under the surface of the moon and daily necessities brought by the settlers themselves from the earth. Finally, settlements that are self-supporting will be founded.
The main job of the early settlers will be to stay alive. They will have to plant crops under huge domes (圆顶屋) to produce food and oxygen and find water sources. After this is done, the settlers will have time to explore the possibilities of commercial (商业的) development and to make discoveries important to science. The characteristics of the moon that make it bad for human staying alive may make it ideal for certain kinds of manufacturing (制造业). Operations requiring a vacuum (真空) or extreme cold are examples. Therefore, industrial diamonds might be produced on the moon.
1.The area of the moon is _________.
A. about the same as that of North and South America
B. larger than that of North and South America
C. hardly equal to that of North and South America
D. far smaller than that of North and South America
2.According to this passage, the settlement of the moon ________.
A. will soon be realized
B. can be done under the moon surface
C. is being experimented by many scientists
D. sounds entirely impossible
3.To stay alive on the moon, the early settlers must first of all be able to ________.
A. develop commerce
B. get enough food, oxygen and water
C. make discoveries important
D. explore the possibilities of industrial development
4.Though the environment on the moon is bad for human staying alive, it is very good for ________.
A. making such things as industrial diamonds B. all kinds of manufactured goods
C. medical operations D. commercial development
Mark Twain was a great writer. He was from the USA. He was born in 1835. He was also a famous speaker. He was famous for his sense of humour. Many people liked to listen to him talk because he liked to tell some interesting stories to make people laugh all the time.
One day Mark Twain was going to a small town because of his writing. Before he was going to leave, one of his friends said to him that there were always a lot of mosquitoes in the town and told him that he’d better not go there. Mark Twain waved (摇动) his hand and said, “It doesn’t matter. The mosquitoes are no relatives of mine. I don’t think they will come to visit me.”
After he arrived at the town, Mark Twain stayed in a small hotel near the station. He went into his room, but when he was just about to have a rest, quite a few mosquitoes flew about him. The waiters felt very sorry about that. “I’m very sorry, Mr Mark Twain. There are too many mosquitoes in our town.” One of them said to him.
Mark Twain, however, made a joke, saying to the waiter, “The mosquitoes are very clever. They know my room number. They didn’t come into the wrong room.” What he said made all the people present laugh heartily.
But that night Mark Twain slept well. Do you know why? That was because all the waiters in the hotel were driving the mosquitoes away for him during the whole night.
1.The waiters felt sorry because _____.
A. they did something wrong to Mark Twain
B. their hotel was too small
C. the room was not very clean
D. there were quite a few mosquitoes in Mark Twain’s room
2.All the people present laughed heartily because _____.
A. the mosquitoes were very clever and they didn’t come into the wrong room
B. the mosquitoes knew Mark Twain’s room number
C. Mark Twain gave the waiters some nice presents
D. Mark Twain made a joke
3.From the story we know _____.
A. no mosquitoes troubled Mark Twain in the night
B. the owner of the hotel told the waiters to look after Mark Twain well at night
C. Mark Twain didn’t have a good rest that night
D. there were not mosquitoes in the hotel any longer
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I ran into a stranger as he passed by. “ I’m so sorry!” was my reply. Then he said, “ Excuse me too… I wasn’t __1___watching for you.” We were very polite, this stranger and I. Then we went __2__ our way after saying goodbye.
But at __3__, a different story is told. How we treat our loved ones, young and old. Later in the kitchen, as I __4__ the meal, my daughter walked up to me, very still. When I turned, I __5__ knocked her down.“Get out of the way!” I shouted with a frown(皱眉). She stepped away silently, with her little heart __6__. I didn’t realize how rudely I had spoken.
That night, when I lay __7__ in bed, God’s quiet voice spoke to me and said, “ While __8__ with a stranger, you are calm and polite, but with those you love, you are QUICK to excite… Go look around on the kitchen floor, you’ll find some flowers there by the ___9__. Those are the flowers she brought for you. She __10__ them herself--- pink, yellow, and your favorite blue. She stood there quietly and you never saw the ___11__ in her eyes.”
By this time, I felt sad and small and now my own tears began to fall. I quietly went and knelt(跪) by her__12__. “ Wake up, my dear,” I said. “ Are these the flowers you picked up for me?” She smiled, “ I found them out by the tree, I _13__ them in a napkin（纸巾）, just for you. I knew you’d like them, especially the __14__.” I said, “ I am so sorry that I missed them today… And I __15__ have fussed( 大惊小怪) at you that way…”
And she whispered, “ Mommy, that’s OK… I still love you ___16___. ” I hugged her and said, “ I love you, too and I LOVE the flowers.”
Do you know that: if you die tomorrow, the__17__ you are working for could easily replace(取代) you in a matter of days. But the family you leave __18__ will feel the loss for the rest of their lives. And come to think of it, we pour ourselves more into our __19__ than into our families---- an unwise investment(投资) indeed.
Remember that __20__=(F)ATHER+A(ND)+(M)OTHER+(I)+(L)OVE+ (Y)OU.
1.A. ever B. even C. just D. right
2.A. to B. in C. on D. for
3.A. school B. work C. home D. office
4.A. cooked B. had C. ate D. took
5.A. already B. hardly C. rudely D. nearly
6.A. lost B. missed C. beaten D. broken
7.A. asleep B. awake C. afraid D. alive
8.A. dealing B. meeting C. going D. talking
9.A floor B. kitchen C. window D. door
10.A. grew B. bought C. picked D. fetched
11.A. tears B. expressions C. smiles D. joy
12.A. desk B. bed C. body D. knees
13.A. wrapped B. covered C. put D. help
14.A. pink B. yellow C. blue D. black
15.A. needn’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D. can’t
16.A. indeed B. besides C. anything D. anyway
17.A. company B. country C. place D. state
18.A. for B. with C. behind D. to
19.A. books B. loss C. meal D. work
20.A. RESPECT B. WARMTH C. FAMILY D. FRIEND
_______ all the inventions have in common is _____they have succeeded.
A. What; what B. That; that C. What; that D That; what
The government has to close those small factories to prevent the water of the river ______.
A. polluting B. from polluting
C. being polluted D. polluted
