The television camera is rather like the human eye. Both the eye and the camera have a lens(镜头)，and both produce a picture on a screen. In each case the picture is made up of millions of spots of light.
Let us see how the eye works. When we look at an object a person, a house, or whatever it may be .we do not see all the details of the object in one piece. We imagine what we do, but this is not the case. In fact, the eye builds up the picture for us in our brain, which controls our sight, in millions of separate parts, and, although we do not realize it, all these details are seen separately.
This is what happens when we look at something. Beams of light of different degrees of intensity（强度）, reflected from all parts of the object, strike the lens of the eye. The lens then gathers together the spots of light from these beams and focuses them on to a light sensitive plate the retina（视网膜） at the back of the eyeball. In this way an image of the object is produced on the retina in the form of a pattern of lights.
The retina contains millions of minute light sensitive elements, each of which is separately connected to the brain by a tiny fibre in the optic（视力的）nerve. These nerve fibres, working independently, pick out minute details from the image on the retina and turn the small spots of light into nerve impulses（冲击）of different strengths. They then transmit these impulses to the brain. They do this all at the same time.
All the details of the image are fed to the brain, and, as we have taught our brain to add them together correctly, we see a clear picture of the object as a whole.Television, which means vision at a distance, operates on a similar principle. A television picture is built up in thousands of separate parts.
Beams of light reflected from the subject being televised strike the lens of the television camera, which corresponds to（相当于）the lens of the eye. The camera lens gathers together the spot of light from these beams and focuses an image of the subject on to a plate, the surface of which is coated with millions of photo electric elements sensitive to light.
1.In the first paragraph, we are told that the television camera is like the human eye in________
A. one way B. two waysC. three ways D. a large number of ways
2.Which of the following is NOT true according to the writer?
A. The eye produces a picture on a screen.
B. Our sight is controlled by our brain.
C. We see all the details of an object in one piece.
D. The picture is made up of millions of spots of light.
3.All the rays of light reflected from objects are______________
A. of the same intensity B. not at all intense
C. to some degree intense D. of varying intensities
4.A camera lens focuses an image on to_____________.
A. the subject B. a surface made up of millions of light sensitive elementsC. a television set D. millions of photo electric beams of light
When a cat is frightened, its heart starts beating faster, its muscles get tense, and there are changes in the chemicals in its bloodstream. If the danger continues, it will defend itself, or it will run away as fast as possible.
Something like this also happens to people. When we are excited, angry, scared or aroused(冲动) by others' emotions, our bodies go through many physical changes, all of which make us more alert（警惕的） and ready to react. We also get ready to defend ourselves or run. Human beings, however, have a problem that animals never face. If we give way to our feelings and let them take over, we can get into trouble. Have you ever said something in anger —— or hit somebody —— and regretted it later? Have you ever shouted at a teacher, told somebody you were lonely, or said you were in love, and then wished later you had kept your mouth shut? It isn't always wise to express your feelings freely.
Does this mean that it's smarter always to hide our feelings? No! If you keep your feelings of anger, sadness, and bitterness hidden away or bottled up(掩饰) inside, your body stays tense. Physical illnesses can develop, and you can feel disturbed badly inside. It can actually be bad for your health.
You can try to treat emotions as if they were bananas in the cupboard. You can hide them and you can pretend they don't exist, but they'll still be around. And at last you'll have to deal with them, just like those bananas.
1.By taking a cat as an example, the author wants to show us that__________
A. animals can't control their feelings
B. people can't control their feelings
C. people's physical reactions are like those of animals in a way
D. people's bodies go through many physical changes in certain situations, too
2.It's mentioned in the text that human beings get into trouble because_____A. we are not as alert as animals
B. we sometimes can't control our feelings
C. we always do something wrong to other people
D. we don't pay attention to our physical changes
3.The author wants to tell us in the last two paragraphs that_________.
A. there's no way to deal with our feelings
B. we should put some bananas in the cupboard when we're angry or scared
C. feelings will gradually disappear when we hold them in
D. we should neither express our feelings freely nor hide the bad feelings inside
4.The author's purpose in writing this article is to_______________.
A. tell us that it's pretty good to keep our feelings inside
B. give some advice on how to express our feelings freely
C. make us deal with our feelings in a wise way
D. make us know it isn't always good to express our feelings freely
Your kids are amazing especially compared with everybody else's (who seem to cry all the time). How do you show your love for your kids this holiday season? With toys that are smooth and colorful, interactive and exciting. And with ones that have educational value because you are the boss.
1.FLAX ART HOSPITAL PUZZLE AND PLAY SET
Here is a toy that doesn't need power and the kids have to put it together themselves. This 50piece puzzle set that can make your children active is made of softedged hardwood and makes a complete hospital, with an Xray room. It also includes eight patients, a car and a driver. $ 135; flaxart.com.
2.TINY LOVE ACTIVITY BALL
Sure, it's cool, but this colorful baby toy also develops problem solving and motor skills. It has a head and legs, a magnetic(磁性的) hand and a tail. Suitable for little ones from 6 to 36 months. $19.95; tinylove.com.
3.ROBOSAPIEN
This small, remotecontrol robot is really powerful. It performs 67 preprogrammed functions(功能), including throwing, kicking, picking up and dancing. You can even program your own function —— which, sadly, does not include doing windows. $99; robosapienonline.com.
4.MINI PEDAL（脚踏板的）CAR
Want a Mini Cooper but can't fit the family inside? Get one for the kids. They can jump into this Mini car, which comes in hot orange with a single adjustable(可调的) seat, and ride away. For ages 3 to 5. $189; miniusa.com (click on "gear up," then "Mini motoring gear").
1.Which toy is said to have the special design for children's safety?
A. ROBOSAPIEN
B. MINI PEDAL CAR
C. FLAX ART HOSPITAL PUZZLE AND PLAY SET
D. TINY LOVE ACTIVITY BALL
2.Which toys are fit for threeyearold kids?
A. 1 and 3. B. 2 and 4. C. 1 and 2. D. 3 and 4.
3.Educational value is mentioned in all the toys except
A. FLAX ART HOSPITAL PUZZLE AND PLAY SETB. TINY LOVE ACTIVITY BALL
C. ROBOSAPIEND. MINI PEDAL CAR
4.This passage is written for_____________
A. parents B. children C. the writer D. the boss
Experts say that it is not easy to get used to life in a new culture. "Culture shock" is the term specialists use when talking about the feelings that people have in a new environment. "There are three stages of culture shock," say the specialists. In the first stage, the newcomers like their new environment. Then, when the fresh experience dies, they begin to hate the city, the country, the people, and everything else. In the laststage, the newcomers begin to adjust to their surroundings and, as a result, enjoy their life more.
There are some obvious factors in culture shock. The weather may be unpleasant. The customs may be different. The public service systems the telephone, post office, or transportation may be difficult to work out. The simplest things seem to be big problems. The language may be difficult.
Who feels culture shock? Everyone does in this way or that. But culture shock surprises most people. Very often the people having the worst culture shock are those who never had any difficulties in their home countries and were successful in their community. Coming to a new country, these people find they do not have the same established positions. They find themselves without a role, almost without an identity（身份）。
They have to build a new self image.
Culture shock gives rise to a feeling of disorientation (迷惘). This feeling may be homesickness. When homesick, people feel like staying inside all the time. They want to protect themselves from the strange environment, and create and escape inside their room for a sense of security. This escape does solve the problem of culture shock for the short term, but it does nothing to make the person familiar with the culture. Getting to know the new environment and gaining experience are the long term solutions to the problem of culture shock.
1.The main purpose of the text is____________________
A. to take pity on the homesick
B. to share his feeling about staying abroad
C. to introduce the knowledge of culture shock
D. to encourage and cheer up the culture shock sufferers
2.What does the expression "adjust to" in the first paragragh probably mean?
A. Get used to B. Get tired of C. Protect D. Appreciate
3.If one feels homesick, he should____________________
A. stay inside all the time for safety
B. phone his parents or friends in his home country for comfort
C. work hard to build a new self image
D. get to know the new surroundings and gain experience
4.Which of the following facts about culture shock is true?
A. The successful ones in their community have less difficulty in a foreign environment.
B. Culture shock doesn't include such factors as customs, one's native language and so on.
C. Culture shock gives rise to the feeling of being lost.
D. The specialists going abroad won't experience the stages of culture shock
The largest earthquake ( magnitude里氏 9.5) of the 20th century happened on May 22, 1960 off the coast of South Central Chile.
It generated(生成) one of the most destructive Pacific wide tsunamis(海啸). Near the generating area, both the earthquake and the tsunami were very much destructive, particularly in the coastal area from Concep-cion to the south end of Isla Chiloe. The largest tsunami damage occurred at Isla Chiloe -----the coastal area closest to the epicenter(震中). Huge tsunami waves measuring as high as 25 meters arrived within 10 to 15 minutes after the earthquake, killing at least two hundred people, sinking all the boats, and flooding half a kilometer inland.
There was large damage and loss of life at Concep-cion, Chile's top industrial city. Near the city of Valdivia, the earthquake and following aftershocks generated landslides which killed 18 people. At the port city of Valparaiso, a city of 200,000, many buildings collapsed . A total of 130,000 houses were destroyed one in every three in the earthquake zone and nearly 2,000,000 people were left homeless.
Total damage losses, including to agriculture and to industry, were estimated(估计) to be over a half billion dollars . The total number of death related with both the tsunami and the earthquake was never found accurately for the region. Estimates of deaths reached between 4,900 to 57,002 with no distinction(差别) as to how many deaths were caused by the earthquake and how many were caused by the tsunami. However, it is believed that most of the deaths in Chile were caused by the tsunami.
1.Where did the largest tsunami damage occurred?
A. Concep--cion. B. Isla Chiloe. C. Valdivia D. Valparaiso.
2.What can we learn about the tsunami waves generated by the earthquake?
A. The tsunami waves as high as 25 meters arrived immediately after the earthquake.
B. The tsunami waves killed 200 people and sank all the boats.
C. The tsunami waves were very destructive.
D. The tsunami waves flooded half of the inland.
3.What is the total number of deaths in the earthquake?
A. About 2,000,000. B. Between 4,900 to 57,002.
C. About 200,000. D. It was hard to know.
4.What does the underlined word "collapsed" in the third paragragh probably mean ?
A. was destroyed B. caught fire C. was flooded D. sank
阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The persons who can receive the country's highest level university scholarships are students from poor families who have an excellent1. But the University of Science and Technology of Beijing 2even further with its3. This year, they have to be non-drinkers, non-smokers and frugal（节俭）as well. 4who is silly enough to use the scholarship money 5friends to meals could face the hope of having 6taken back.
The assessment process（评估过程）was7. If he wanted to get the money, the person was asked to do two things: 8a short speech about study, campus life, and family conditions; and take part in the question and answer meetings with the organization in charge.
The organization was clear in its decision process and awarded the scholarships to 1 47 students. 9how the money should be spent, however,10differ. Some students say that it's natural, even 11, for a winner to invite friends to a celebration, usually a meal.
The scholarship winners themselves did not seem to agree. "I object to 12the money on a big dinner for friends.13winners who are from poor families should make good use of the money and not 14it," said Si Guangrong, one of the winners, who said she would use it for postgraduate study.
A bit more 15views came from Li Xiao, of the university's Students' Affairs Office:" How they spend the scholarship money is a private matter and they're 16to spend it 17different ways. But they'd better use it properly and in an economic way."
The national scholarship is being 18to 45,000 students each year. The top 10,000 will receive 6,000 yuan,194,000 yuan. 20, students with a national scholarship are not required to pay fees for school.
1.A. record B. paper C. degree D. year
2.A. has got B. has lasted C. has gone D. has been
3.A. achievements B. requirements C. movements D. treatments
4.A. Everyone B. Someone C. No one D. Anyone
5.A. to treat B. to gather C. to pay D. to call
6.A. this B. that C. it D. one
7.A. easy B. difficult C. interesting D. strict
8.A. Read B. Make C. Write D. Show
9.A. As from B. As for C. As yet D. As a whole
10.A. plans B. minds C. designs D. opinions
11.A. special B. unusual C. traditional D. national
12.A. affording B. paying C. costing D. spending
13.A. Especially B. Extremely C. Naturally D. Generally
14.A. waste B. save C. get D. bring
15.A. different B. reasonable C. balanced D. important
16.A. sad B. free C. able D. sorry
17.A. on B. by C. with D. in
18.A. given B. equipped C. provided D. chosen
19.A. the ones B. the students C. the others D. the winners
20.A. In the end B. In addition C. In short D. In all
