A woman wears a face mask to protect her from polluted air in Lanzhou, China, in December.
A new study showed air pollution might put people more at risk for heart disease than scientists had thought. Kristin Miller, a doctoral student at the University of Washington, said chances of getting the disease were related to not only which city a woman lived in, but also where in the city. The study found that the effects of air pollution were often larger within cities than between cities.
The new findings make experts suspect that current pollution limits may be inadequate. Scientists examined rates of heart attack, stroke (中风) and other cardiovascular (心脏血管的) events in women with long-term exposure to air pollution.
The study involved women over the age of fifty who had no sign of cardiovascular disease at the start of the research. The study followed the women for as long as nine years to see how they would develop cardiovascular problems.
The researchers also examined levels of fine particles (粒子，微粒) in the air in 36 areas across the country. That information came from the Environmental Protection Agency. The extremely small particles came from industrial smoke and traffic, along with things like wood-burning fireplaces in houses.
In the study, every ten-microgram increase in pollution was linked to a twenty-four percent increase in the risk of a cardiovascular event. But it was related to a seventy-six percent increase in the risk of death from cardiovascular disease.
But just how do particles in the air damage the cardiovascular system? The particles may cause the lungs to swell and release chemicals from the pollutants into the blood. The chemicals then could damage the heart.
1.The passage mainly talks about______.
A. the effects of pollution on women
B. how to protect women from air pollution
C. how air pollution damages a person’s heart
D. the relationship between air pollution and heart diseases
2.The case of the woman wearing a face mask shows ______.
A. people are paying more and more attention to their health
B. the woman is afraid of getting heart disease
C. Lanzhou city is more heavily polluted than other cities
D. air pollution is becoming more and more serious
3.We can learn from the passage that _______.
A. air pollution is more serious than scientists thought
B. the control of air pollution is effective in some cities
C. people throughout a city have the same risk of getting heart diseases
D. air pollution affects women more than men
4.The study implies that ______.
A. air pollution has a bigger effect on older women than younger women
B. small particles in the air mainly come from industrial smoke
C. the rise in air pollution may lead to a higher death rate from cardiovascular disease
D. air pollution has been affecting people for as long as nine years in the city of Lanzhou
TOUR THE BLUE MOUNTAINS IN COMFORT WITH OZ TRAILS
Known as “The Grand Canyon” of Australia, it is located a short distance (55 km) from Sydney .
In 2000 this area was added to the “World Heritage List” of UNESCO as it has: deep valleys, impressive waterfalls, excellent bushes and rich plants and animals.
The Blue Mountains covers about 10,000 km and extends 220 km.
The Blue Mountains area contains eight conservation areas, six Aboriginal language groups .It is also home to 127 kinds of rare or threatened plants and 52 kinds of rare or threatened animals.
LET OZ TRAILS SHOW YOU AUSTRALIAN NATURE AT IT’S BEST!
Oz Trails has been in operation since 1999 and has shown the Blue Mountains to thousands of travelers from all over the world.
OZ TRAILS is recommended by the "LONELY PLANET" and "LET'S GO" travel guides, both of which are popular travel books in Australia.
We also offer special tours in and around Sydney. Taking small groups only, we pride
ourselves on customer service. We offer travelers individual attention that is not available on other
large tours.
All the tours are also available at charter rates (包租费) whether you wish to bring a whole group or have the tour just for yourself. We can make a tour to meet your special needs.
6 REASONS TO TOUR THE BLUE MOUNTAINS WITH OZ TRAILS
1.Small groups only (max 24 passengers in each bus).
2.Free hotel pickup anywhere in city centre (and also in Coogee, Bondi and Manly) by arrangement in advance.
3.Perfect guides with a broad knowledge.
4.We are able to take you to see all the famous places in Australia.
5.Our tours are both affordable and satisfying.
6.Comfortable—air-conditioned buses.
1.The author wrote this passage to________.
A. introduce famous scenic sports around Sydney
B. attract tourists to the Blue Mountains
C. advertise a tour agency named Oz Trails
D. give advice on how to choose a tour company
2.Which of the following does Oz Trails offer?
A. Small group tours with not more than 24 tourists.
B. Buses without air conditioners.
C. Charter rates for groups of 24.
D. One-to-one service at a low price.
3.We can learn from the passage that________.
A. Coogee and Bondi are located in the city center
B. travelers need to book their pickup in advance
C. OZ TRAILS can take you to foreign countries
D. “Lonely Planet” is a famous travel company
4.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A. The price of the tour service.
B. The services the agency can offer.
C. Some of the features of the Blue Mountains.
D. A brief introduction to Oz Trails.
When you enter a crowded room or go on a picnic or to a party, who is the most attractive and appealing person? It is the person who is cheerful, has a smiling face and behaves as if he or she is enjoying every moment of the event! Such people have an optimistic opinion on life. They are the ones with a positive attitude. On the other hand, let’s see that fellow in the corner with a long face. He is most probably thinking about the time and money wasted in having fun. He is a pessimist, one with a negative attitude.
A person with a positive attitude gets on well with the job at hand. He doesn’t worry about what’s gone before or what might happen in the future. If there is a problem, he quickly thinks of ways to solve it. If the problem cannot be solved singly, he seeks help from someone else. He doesn’t feel that it’s beneath his dignity to seek assistance.
When Sonal lost her history notes days before an important examination, she sat down and cried. Then she pulled herself together, borrowed a friend’s notes, worked day and night and managed to copy down whatever she had lost. Sonal passed the exam with flying colors.
It’s just not possible, even for the greatest optimist, to smile all the time and feel good all day. Everyone has a period of blues now and then, when everything seems sad and without cheer. But once you develop a positive attitude, once you realize that life is a series of ups and downs, dark clouds and bright sunshine, in no time at all, you’ve bounced back, ready to welcome the world again with open arms and a huge smile! So from this moment on, keep your face to the sunshine and you’ll never see the shadows.
1.What might be the best title of the passage？
A. To live with an aim in life B. To be a pessimist or optimist
C. Life is full of ups and downs D. Develop the positive attitude
2.The case of Sonal suggested that _______.
A. a person can solve the problem once he thinks of a way
B. Sonal made up for what she had lost by working day and night
C. Sonal was a pessimist because he lost her history notes
D. the history notes that she lost was not important for her
3.The underlined phrase bounced back in the last paragraph means_______.
A. moved back and forth B. jumped up
C. returned to active state D. came back
4.According to the last paragraph, which of the following statement is TRUE?
A. If you always look at the shadows, you will be in high spirits.
B. It is impossible for a person to be in a good mood all the time.
C. A negative attitude will make you welcome life with a big smile.
D. When someone feels sad, he thinks the world comes to an end.
How did a high school football coach build a championship dynasty by never playing to win? In Smith Center, Kansas, Roger Barta, 64, a longtime coach and former math teacher at Smith Center High School, wearing a red shirt, stood before his players. “…Guys. We don't talk about winning and losing. We talk about getting a little better every day, about being a team.” Over the next four months, his team went on to beat other teams, winning another perfect season.
Barta grew up in Plainville, and when a back injury ended Barta's playing career, he wasn't sure whether he wanted to be a college student. One summer, he took a job in the Kansas oil fields. It took him a single rainy day of working in the field to realize that university was for him. “I almost froze to death,” he says. He looked around at his co-workers, who were aged beyond their years. "They were all missing fingers and teeth. I didn't want to do that for the rest of my life."
He returned to Fort Hays State to earn a mathematics degree and went on to get a master's in math education at the University of Georgia. Today, Barta spends as much time helping players figure out what they want to do with their lives as he does coaching.
To most kids here, Barta is not just a winning coach but also a mentor(导师，顾问). Barta insists that the members of his team be well-rounded. During last year's playoffs(附加赛), for instance, Joe Osburn was struggling with Macbeth in English class. Barta told him that either he mastered Shakespeare or his season was finished. Barta got the captains involved, and they took turns quizzing Osburn on his lines of Shakespeare. He pulled his grades up and kept playing.
“Roger likes everything about football,” says Barta's wife, Pam. “But what he loves most is watching the boys learn a little more.”
1.What does the first paragraph mainly talk about?
A．How Barta built a championship dynasty?
B．Barta’s career as a coach.
C．How Barta taught his students football skills.
D．Barta’s attitude towards winning and losing.
2.From the the passage we know Barta .
A．hurt his back in an oil field
B．didn’t want to be a college student
C．wasn’t satisfied with being an oil worker
D．began his playing career at high school
3.Which of the following statements about Barta is TRUE??
A．He earned his master’s degree from Fort Hays State.
B．He helps his players deal with life.
C．He likes Shakespeare very much.
D．He loves football more than anything else.
4.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A．How to Be a Good Football Coach
B．A Brief Introduction to Roger Barta
C．Coach and Math Teacher—Roger Barta
D．Life Coach—Roger Barta
When you think of snowy winter festivals, Sapporo in Japan probably isn't the first thing that comes to mind. In Japan, there are winter festivals every year that draw great crowds and offer lots of attractions to everybody.
The biggest one is the Sapporo Snow Festival which is held every year in February on Japan's snow covered northern island, Hokkaido(北海道). The Sapporo Snow Festival was the first of its kind held in Japan, and it is still the biggest. Every year, 2 million snow lovers rush to Sapporo, the biggest city in Hokkaido, to enjoy the Snow Festival in the first two weeks of February. At the Festival, you can see hundreds of snow sculptures made by artists from all over the world. Some are a couple of building stories high and weigh tons. There are ice sculptures too, and ice bars where you can go inside and have a beer.
The Sapporo Snow Festival was started in the 1950's by a group of high school kids. Feeling very bored in winter, they started a snow sculptures competition. Every year, more kids took part in the competition and now the festival draws snow artists from 15 different countries. There are also musical performances, light shows, and snowball fights.
Every major area has its own snow festival. One of the most popular is the Iwate Snow Festival. It's held in the small town of Shizukuishi in early or mid-February. Iwate is also famous for its yearly fireworks displays, where festival-goers can watch the colors reflected off the snow. In Iwate, you can see traditional Japanese musicians and dancers perform on floats.
If you want a truly unique winter festival experience, northern Japan is a great place to go. Just make sure you dress warmly.
1.Why is the Sapporo Snow Festival famous in Japan?
A．The snow in Hokkaido is very thick.
B．it is the first and the biggest in Japan
C．There are lots of snow sculptures there.
D．its snow sculptures are the highest.
2.When is the Sapporo Snow Festival held in Japan?
A．In late February.
B．From January to February.
C．In the first two weeks of February.
D．Two weeks before February.
3.Who started the Sapporo Snow Festival at first?
A．The government of Sapporo.
B．Artists from all over the world.
C．Kids who liked outside activities..
D．A group of high school students.
4.The author wrote the passage to _______.
A．introduce Japan’s Sapporo Snow Festival
B．attract people to take part in northern Japan’s winter festival
C．introduce Japan’s winter festival activities
D．tell us the history of Japan’s winter festivals
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
“I’m going to make you attractive,” said Mika Hill, looking at the 1of the woman sitting before her. The women once had long, 2, dark hair. But alopecia(秃头症) had 3her just a little of it. Hill, a wig(假发) maker, was about to change that.
At 30, Hill knows from experience how a woman feels when she 4her hair. Her own hair fell out several years ago 5a lack of iron after giving birth. “I cried when I washed it, when I combed it, and when I looked in the 6,” she says. Then she bought a wig. “It was too small,” she says, “but my 7went up greatly.”
Hill enrolled(注册) in a wig-making 8in New York. Back home with what she learned, she started making wigs that she planned to 9for $300 each.
But many of her customers with alopecia and cancer couldn’t 10that much, and their health insurance often didn’t 11the cost. So Hill started giving the wigs away, eventually spending $10,000 of her own money. Last year, she and her friend Lita Warren 12Pink Barrette, a non-profit organization that has 13about 60 wigs to poor women.
Hill pays 14the donations with profits from her other products. 15, she and her husband have also spent much of their savings keeping the organization running.
Hill’s customers can’t thank her enough. Elyssa Montoya was too 16to be seen in public with her 17thinning hair. “I didn’t feel I could show my bald head outside. Thanks to Mika, I now have beautiful hair, and feel 18about myself again.”
“Seeing their self-confidence 19after they try on their wigs,” says Hill, “brings 20to my eyes. This is a job for me, and a most rewarding one.”
1.A. head B. face C. nose D. mouth
2.A. light B. thick C. little D. ugly
3.A. showed B. destroyed C. left D. offered
4.A. washes B. changes C. loses D. dyes
5.A. thanks to B. except for C. as for D. because of
6.A. picture B. room C. sky D. mirror
7.A. confidence B. belief C. power D. image
8.A. speech B. company C. course D. club
9.A. sell B. produce C. rent D. order
10.A. supply B. appreciate C. allow D. afford
11.A. recover B. cover C. admit D. contain
12.A. set up B. put up C. set down D. put down
13.A. donated B. imported C. picked D. valued
14.A. up B. off C. back D. for
15.A. Besides B. Therefore C. Somehow D. Otherwise
16.A. embarrassed B. excited C. happy D. angry
17.A. hardly B. badly C. heavily D. largely
18.A. frightened B. strange C. grateful D. good
19.A. limit B. exchange C. improve D. cut
20.A. doubt B. tears C. fear D. joys
