People have been painting pictures for at least 30,000 years. The earliest pictures were painted by people who hunted animals. They used to paint pictures of the animals they wanted to catch and kill. Pictures of this kind have been found on the walls of caves in France and Spain. No one knows why they were painted there. Perhaps the painters thought that their pictures would help them to catch these animals. Or perhaps human beings have always wanted to tell stories in pictures.
About 5,000 years ago, the Egyptians and other people in the Near East began to use pictures as kind of writing. They drew simple pictures or signs to represent things and ideas, and also to represent the sounds of their language. The signs these people used became a kind of alphabet.
The Egyptians used to record information and to tell stories by putting picture-writing and pictures together. When an important person died, scenes and stories from his life were painted and carved on the walls of the place where he was buried. Some of these pictures are like modern comic strip stories. It has been said that Egypt is the home of the comic strip. But, for the Egyptians, pictures still had magic power. So they did not try to make their way of writing simple. The ordinary people could not understand it.
By the year 1,000 BC, people who lived in the area around the Mediterranean Sea had developed a simpler system of writing. The signs they used were very easy to write, and there were fewer of them than in the Egyptian system. This was because each sign, or letter, represented only one sound in their language. The Greeks developed this system and formed the letters of the Greek alphabet. The Romans copied the idea, and the Roman alphabet is now used all over the world.
These days, we can write down a story, or record information, without using pictures. But we still need pictures of all kinds: drawing, photographs, signs and diagrams. We find them everywhere: in books and newspapers, in the street, and on the walls of the places where we live and work. Pictures help us to understand and remember things more easily, and they can make a story much more interesting.
1.Pictures of animals were painted on the walls of caves in France and Spain because ______.
A. the hunters wanted to see the pictures
B. the painters were animal lovers
C. the painters wanted to show imagination
D. the pictures were thought to be helpful
2.The Greek alphabet was simpler than the Egyptian system for all the following reasons EXCEPT that _______.
A. the former was easy to write
B. there were fewer signs in the former
C. the former was easy to pronounce
D. each sign stood for only one sound
3.Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. The Egyptian signs later became a particular alphabet.
B. The Egyptians liked to write comic-strip stories.
C. The Roman alphabet was developed from the Egyptian one.
D. The Greeks copied their writing system from the Egyptians.
4.In the last paragraph, the author thinks that pictures ___________.
A. should be made comprehensible
B. should be made interesting
C. are of much use in our life
D. have disappeared from our life
To understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to understand the difference between marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the efficient production of goods, and then relied on "persuasive salesmanship" to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then convert them into money.
Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them. This eye - on - the - consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for purchase.
This concept(理念) does not imply that business is benevolent(慈善的) or that consumer satisfaction is given priority over profit in a company. There are always two sides to every business transaction -- the firm and the customer -- and each must be satisfied before trade occurs. Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and meeting to customers. A striking example of the importance of meeting to the consumer presented itself in mid - 1985, when Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink. The non - acceptance of the new flavor by a significant part of the public brought about a prompt(果断的) restoration(恢复) of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed alongside new. King Customer ruled!
1.The marketing concept discussed in the passage is, in fact, __________.
A. the practice of turning goods into money
B. making goods available for purchase
C. the customer- centered approach
D. a form of persuasive salesmanship
2.What was the main concern of industrialists before the marketing concept was widely accepted?
A. The needs of the market.
B. The efficiency of production.
C. The satisfaction of the user.
D. The preferences of the dealer.
3.According to the passage, the underlined part "to move as much of these goods as possible" ( Para. 1 ) means _________.
A. to sell the largest possible amount of goods
B. to transport goods as efficiently as possible
C. to dispose of these goods in large quantities
D. to redesign these goods for large - scale production
4.What does the restoration of the Classic Coke best illustrate?
A. Traditional goods have a stronger appeal to the majority of people.
B. It takes time for a new product to be accepted by the public.
C. Consumers with conservative tastes are often difficult to please.
D. Products must be designed to suit the taste of the consumer.
随着电脑普及率的提高，老师、家长和学生对字迹的重视程度降低了。据一项调查显示，有85.8％的中学生说自己的字迹不好看，而他们又不想改善字迹，其理由有很大差别。请根据下图写一篇120–150词的英文短文，说明该现象并发表自己的看法。
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可以用电脑写字 |
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没有时间练 |
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没有什么用 |
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其他 |
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假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，要求你在错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写上该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（﹨）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从11处起）不计分。
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例如： It was very nice to get your invitation to spend ∧ weekend with you.
Luckily I was completely free then, so I’ll to say “yes”. I’ll arrive in Bristol at am around 8 p.m. in Friday evening. on |
Good morning!
Today, my topic is the valuable of time. Time, like the proverb says, is money. This means that if our time is good spent, it will turn out a lot of useful and important piece of work when the proper opportunity come. Although all time is precious, but the time of our youth is more precious than any period of our existence because this is the period which we can acquire knowledge and develop our abilities. If we allow these morning hours to slip away, we shall never able to make up for the loss.
Let those who think nothing of waste time remember this. Thank you for your listening!
Bill, George, Franklin, Louisa 和 Nana 想今年夏天外出旅游。阅读下面有关六个旅游目的地的介绍（A、B、C、D、E和F），选出适合他们去的地方，并在答题纸上将相应选项的标号涂黑。选项中有一项是多余的。
1.Bill: I want to go to visit a country with a relatively short history, where I can not only enjoy fun things but also see some national parks.
2.George: I wish I could go to a place with a very long history where I can enjoy warm beaches. At the same time, I can also visit cities well known as romantic ones.
3.Franklin: I like hunting and fishing. However, this summer I want to do something for a change. I hope to visit a place with wonderful beaches and also see some ruins left by ancient people.
4.Louisa: My purpose of traveling is to meet more friendly people, who are easy to get along with. Meanwhile, I want to enjoy their special music.
5.Nana: I have travelled to a lot of inland places. This summer I want to have some adventures on wonderful beaches where I can enjoy a variety of water sports.
A
Canada is known for great hunting and fishing, as well as major cities such as Toronto and Vancouver. It also has many interesting natural wonders like Niagara Falls. With two major cultures and languages, French and English, Canada offers a unique cultural experience.
B
The United States has many of the top tourist locations in the world. Visiting the US offers a historical view of a relatively young country. Its youth is marked by fun things to do in cities like Orlando, Los Angeles, Las Vegas, and New York where theme parks, museums, and entertainment are the top America tourist attractions. The states in New England offer a good deal of locations that are great to visit if a tourist is looking to learn about US history. The western United States is home to many national parks and natural geologic formations. When looking for a relaxing tropical vacation Hawaii is the destination many Americans choose.
C
Mexico is an excellent place to visit for the traveler looking to both relax and explore. The country offers fantastic beaches and ancient ruins. The city of Cancun is a major city with both ancient Mayan ruins and a large beach. When looking to learn about history, Mexico is a great place to visit as it has ruins left by several different Native American tribes such as the Aztecs and the Mayans. The various resort hotels of Mexico are a great place for the traveler looking to mix relaxation with exploration.
D
Greece, Italy, and Spain offer warm beaches and thriving cities for the person looking to relax. The warm beaches and resorts along the Mediterranean are perfect for relaxation and fun. The Romantic cities of Venice and Paris are excellent for tourists looking to go on a romantic getaway. The exciting and historical sites of Vienna and London can be great for the traveler looking to have fun and just do some sightseeing. The colder regions of Norway, Switzerland, and Sweden are great for travelers looking for winter activities like skiing, snowboarding, or relaxing near the fireplace while the snow falls.
E
The splendid tourist destination of Pattaya in Thailand offers travelers a range of attractions. The Pattaya tourist attractions highlight the rich history and culture of this beautiful beach resort. Travelers will have endless pristine beaches to sunbathe or relax. There are also various types of water activities. Tourists can enjoy the various water sports such as water skiing, scuba diving, windsurfing and snorkeling. Elephant Village has in store for you all the fun you ever dreamed of. You can enjoy thrilling expeditions on elephant back, trekking though the jungle, rafting on the lake, riding on ox cart and enjoying elephant shows.
F
Rio de Janeiro, the city itself being one of the world’s tourist attractions, is extraordinary. Just taking in the eye candy of a city surrounded in green mountains, covered in Atlantic rainforest, and the samba music on all the happy faces of the cariocas (people born and raised in Rio) is revitalizing! The Brazilian population. They are quite something else. They are curious, open- minded, helpful and smiling people, easy to get into contact with. You can enjoy the most famous beach in the world.
Consumers are being confused and misled by the hodge-podge (大杂烩) of environmental claims made by household products, according to a “green labeling” study published by Consumers International Friday.
Among the report’s more outrageous (令人无法容忍的) findings, a German fertilizer described itself as “earthworm friendly”, a brand of flour said it was “non-polluting” and a British toilet paper claimed to be “environmentally friendlier”.
The study was written and researched by Britain’s National Consumer Council (NCC) for lobby group Consumer International. It was funded by the German and Dutch governments and the European Commission.
“While many good and useful claims are being made, it is clear there is a long way to go in ensuring shoppers are adequately informed about the environmental impact of products they buy,” said Consumers International director Anna Fielder.
The 10-country study surveyed product packaging in Britain. Western Europe, Scandinavia and the United States. It found that products sold in Germany and the United Kingdom made the most environmental claims on average.
The report focused on claims made by specific products, such as detergent (洗涤剂), insect sprays and by some garden products. It did not test the claims, but compared them to labeling guidelines set by the International Standards Organization (ISO) in September, 1999.
Researchers documented claims of environmental friendliness made by about 2,000 products and found many too unclear or too misleading to meet ISO standards.
“Many products had specially-designed labels to make them seem environmentally friendly, but in fact many of these symbols mean nothing,”said report researcher Philip Page.
“Laundry detergents made the most number of claims with 158. Household cleaners were second with 145 separate claims, while paints were third on our list with 73. The high numbers show how confusing it must be for consumers to sort the true from the misleading.” he said.
The ISO labeling standards ban vague or misleading claims on product packaging, because terms such as “environmentally friendly” and “non-polluting” cannot be tested. “What we are now pushing for is to have multinational corporations meet the standards set by the ISO.” said Page.
1.According to the passage, the NCC found it outrageous that ____.
A. all the products surveyed claim to meet ISO standards
B. the claims made by products are often unclear or misleading
C. consumers would believe many of the manufactures’claim
D. few products actually prove to be environmentally friendly
2.A study was carried out by Britain’s NCC to ____.
A. find out how many claims made by products fail to meet environmental standards
B. inform the consumers of the environmental impact of the products they buy
C. examine claims made by products against ISO standards
D. test the guidelines set by the International Standards Organization
3.What is one of the consequences caused by the many claims of household products?
A. They are likely to lead to serious environmental problems
B. Consumers find it difficult to tell the true from the false
C. They could arouse widespread anger among consumer
D. Consumers will tend to buy products they don’t need
4.It can be inferred from the passage that the lobby group Consumer International wants to ____.
A. make product labeling satisfy ISO requirements
B. see all household products meet environmental standards
C. warn consumers of the danger of so-called green products
D. prove the efforts of non-polluting products
51.5%
32.3%
10.9%
5.3%
the