Scientists estimate that more than 60 percent of cancer deaths in the United States are preventable through lifestyle changes. Although there is no certain way to avoid all cancers, reducing individual risk factors greatly decreases the likelihood of getting many forms of this dangerous disease.
The American Chemical Society estimates that smoking causes nearly 30 percent of all cancer deaths in the United States — that is, about 166,000 cancer deaths each year. All cancer deaths caused by tobacco smoking could be prevented completely by not smoking and not using smokeless tobacco. For those who already smoke, quitting will reduce the risk of developing cancer. Studies show that after about ten years of not smoking, a past smoker’s risk lowers to about the level of those who have never smoked.
After quitting smoking, eating a healthy diet is the best way to lower the risk of cancer. Certain foods have been found to protect against cancer. Among these foods are cabbages, tomatoes, soy products, and foods high in vitamins A, C, and E. In addition, green and possibly black teas contain compounds that protect the body from cancer-causing substance.
To lower cancer risk, diets should include little or no red meat. Other foods to avoid or consume in moderation (适度地) include sugar, fat from animal products, and salt. Added fats and oils should come from vegetables, such as olives or corn, rather than from animal sources. Carbohydrates (碳水化合物) should come from whole grains, such as brown rice and whole wheat bread, rather than from processed foods, such as white rice and white bread.
The risk of cancer of the esophagus (食道) increases with heavy alcohol consumption, and many studies suggest that consuming alcoholic drinks increases the risk of breast cancer as well. Studies show that limiting intake to two drinks a day for men, and one drink per day for women, reduces cancer risk.
Low levels of physical activity have been implicated (牵连) in some cancer. Moderate activity for 30 minutes a day enhances the immune system, shortens the time food takes to move through the intestines (肠), and changes body composition and hormone levels. Researchers are studying how these effects might lower cancer risk.
1.Which of the following is true according to the author?
A. A person drinking tea regularly will not be likely to suffer from cancer.
B. Once a smoker has stopped smoking, there is almost no chance for cancers.
C. A balanced diet is absolutely effective in preventing one from getting cancer.
D. Those having quitted smoking for 10 years and non-smokers have less cancer risk.
2.What kind of people increase their chances of getting cancers?
A. Those whose foods contain less sugar, animal fat, and salt.
B. Those who are not moderate in drinking, smoking or eating.
C. Those who have only one or two drinks regularly per day.
D. Those whose diet contains little red meat and a lot of vegetables.
3.Which do you think is the best title for this passage?
A. The relation between food and disease. B. Causes of different kinds cancers.
C. Tips on lifestyle for cancer prevention. D. Ways to remain more healthy.
4.We can infer from the last paragraph that _______.
A. food’s staying in body too long might have something to do with cancer
B. the reasons why physical activity lowers cancer risk are clear
C. the more you exercise, the lower cancer risk you will take
D. plenty of physical exercise is most important for remaining healthy
Each time a city building is set up, the grass in that spot and trees that once reached up to the sky are replaced by a tar (柏油) roof. In addition to that, roads, parking lots, and yet more buildings are being constructed. The total lost green space can have a very real effect on a city’s air temperature, air quality and energy costs. On a summer day in most American cities, a tar roof can feel like the inside of an oven. But what if we could replace the hot roof of each skyscraper or building in a city with grass or a garden?
Whether it holds vegetable gardens, wildflowers, or meadow grasses, a green roof can lower the temperature above a building by 60 degrees, which can reduce the building’s energy costs. If used more widely, green roofs could decrease a city’s total energy costs, reduce polluted air from power plant , and improve air quality and public health. But that’s not all — green roofs are a great way to deal with water management in urban areas with overwhelmed sewerage (排污) systems, and actually extend the life time of the roof itself. And green roofs do something else: They beautify the city — whether you’re on the 3rd floor or the 30th. Now that’s a great achievement.
The environmental nonprofit group Earth Pledge is promoting a Green Roofs progamme. To learn more about how to create a green roof — and the benefits it will provide — visit its website at EarthPledge.com.
1.This passage is most likely to appear in “______” in a webpage.
A. City Environment B. True Stories C. Home and Garden D. Family Health
2.The construction of more city buildings leads to ______.
A. fewer energy costs B. increase of gardens C. poor quality of air D. loss of parking space
3.What en tar roofs are replaced with green ones, ______.
A. low temperature improves one’s health B. everyone tends to plant vegetables in roof gardens
C. people need more sewerage systems D. the greenness adds to the beauty of city environment
4.You can visit EarthPledge.com with the purpose of ______.
A. building a home garden B. offering money to the group
C. understanding green roofs better D. creating a website of Green Roofs
Robert Owen was born in Wales in 1771. At the age of ten he went to work. His employer had a large private library so Owen was able to educate himself. He read a lot in his spare time and at nineteen he was given the job of superintendent (监工) at a Manchester cotton mill. He was so successful there that he persuaded his employer to buy the New Lanark mill in Scotland.
When he arrived at New Lanark it was a dirty little town with a population of 2,000 people. Nobody paid any attention to the workers’ houses or their children’s education. The conditions in the factories were very bad. There was a lot of crime and the men spent most of their wages on alcoholic drinks.
Owen improved the houses. He encouraged people to be clean and save money. He opened a shop and sold the workers cheap, well-made goods to help them. He limited the sale of alcoholic drinks. Above all, he fixed his mind on the children’s education. In 1816 he opened the first free primary school in Britain.
People came from all over the country to visit Owen’s factory. They saw that the workers were healthier and more efficient than in other towns. Their children were better fed and better educated. Owen tried the same experiment in the United States. He bought some land there in 1825, but the community was too far away. He could not keep it under control and lost most of his money.
Owen never stopped fighting for his idea. Above all he believed that people are not born good or bad. He was a practical man and his ideas were practical. “If you give people good working conditions,” he thought, “they will work well and, the most important thing of all, if you give them the chance to learn, they will be better people.”
1.For Owen, his greatest achievement in New Lanark was ______.
A. improving worker’s houses B. helping people to save money
C. preventing men from getting drunk D. providing children with good education
2.Owen’s experiment in the United States failed because ______.
A. he lost all his money as he expected B. he did not buy enough land for his future plan
C. people who visited it were not impressed D. it was too far away for him to organize it properly
3.Owen did the following things EXPECT _______.
A. educate himself in his spare time B. buy the New Lanark mill in Scotland
C. encourage people to save money D. improve people’s working condition
I practised religion in this district. I used to find notes left in the collection basket of the church, beautiful notes about my homilies (布道) and about the writer’s thoughts on the daily readings. The 1attracted me. But it was a long time __2__I met the author of the notes.
One Sunday morning, I was 3that someone was waiting for me in the office, a young woman who said she 4all the notes. When I saw her I was 5, since I had no idea that it was she who wrote the notes. She was sitting in a chair in the office. Her 6was bowed and when she raised it to look at me, she could hardly 7without pain. Her face was disfigured (畸形), so smiling was very 8for her.
We 9for a while that Sunday morning and agreed to meet for lunch later that week.
As it 10, we went to lunch several times, and we shared things about our 11. We spoke of authors we both had 12, and it was easy to tell that 13are a great love of hers.
She suffered from a disfigurement which cannot make her look 14. I know that her condition 15
her deeply. Yet there was a beauty to her that had nothing to do with 16. She was one to be listened to, whose words came from a wounded but 17heart. She possessed a fine tuned sense of beauty. Her only
18in life was the loss of a friend.
The truth of her life was a desire to see beyond the 19for a glimpse of what it is that matters. She found 20and grace (优雅) and they befriended her, and showed her what is real.
1.A. questions B. words C. answers D. texts
2.A. since B. after C. when D. before
3.A. told B. warned C. informed D. showed
4.A. lost B. left C. dropped D. collected
5.A. shocked B. satisfied C. frightened D. disappointed
6.A. hand B. arm C. head D. body
7.A. stand B. smile C. say D. sit
8.A. pleasant B. bitter C. ugly D. difficult
9.A. chatted B. discussed C. drank D. greeted
10.A. turned out B. turned up C. came out D. came up
11.A. families B. beliefs C. hobbies D. lives
12.A. realized B. read C. met D. heard
13.A. friends B. churches C. writings D. books
14.A. friendly B. happy C. attractive D. wonderful
15.A. hurt B. impressed C. changed D. affected
16.A. fame B. wealth C. interest D. appearance
17.A. cheerful B. interesting C. loving D. exciting
18.A. defeat B. wonder C. fear D. defend
19.A. dream B. surface C. imagination D. time
20.A. success B. hope C. beauty D. help
______ made his mother worried.
A. The child was addicted to playing computer games
B. The child’s being addicted to playing computer games
C. The child’s being addicted to play computer games
D. The child addicted to playing computer games
I am not appealing for myself, but doing so ______ millions of fresh college graduates.
A. on behalf of B. in the opinion of C. with a view of D. in terms of
