Dye (染料) call bring a little colour to life. Most clothing is coloured with dyes. Modern，manufactured dyes can be costly. Natural dyes from plant and animal products have been used since ancient times. Here we describe a natural way to dye wool.
There are several methods to put dye onto material. The vat（缸）method，for example，can be used to dye wool with onionskins. For this example，use one hundred grams of natural woo1. The wool must be clean. Leave it overnight in water and liquid soap. Then wash it with clean water that is a little warm. Gently squeeze out the extra water.
A solution called a mordant (媒染) is used in the dying process. A mordant helps fix the dye to the material. Traditionally, mordants were found in nature. Wood ash is one example. But chemical mordants such as alum（矾）are popular today. Alum is sold in many stores. It is often mixed with cream of tartar, a fine powder commonly used in cooking.
Mix eight grams of alum with seven grams of cream of tartar in a small amount of hot water. Add the solution to a metal pan of cool water. Next, add the wool and place the mixture over heat. Slowly bring the liquid to eighty-two degrees Celsius. Heat the mixture for forty five minutes. After it cools, remove the wool and wash it.
To prepare the dye solution, cover thirty grams of onionskins with water. Use only the dry，brown outer skins. Boil the liquid until the onionskins lose their colour, about forty—five minutes. Remove the skins after the dye cools.
Now it is time to dye the wool. Place the wool into the dye and heat the mixture. Bring it to a boil，then immediately reduce the heat to eighty-two degrees. Now heat the dye for about forty-five minutes or until the wool is the desired colour. Keep in mind that wet wool looks darker than it is.
Once the dye cools, remove the wool and wash it. Now the wool is orange or yellow. Or at least it should be.
1.According to the passage, mordants are ___________.
A. dyes used in the dying process B. materials which will be put dye to
C. wood ashes used in the dying process D. not dyes but play an important role in the dying process
2.Which of the following statements about “natural dyes” is TRUE?
A. They might be cheaper than chemical dyes. B. They are more expensive than chemical dyes.
C. They have been used for only recent years. D. They are all made from animal products.
3.As for the vat method，which of the following things is NOT necessarily needed?
A. Ash. B. Water. C. Mordant. D. Temperature.
4.Choose the proper order of dying wool：
a. boil the liquid with onionskins
b. add mordants to a metal pan of cool water ,put the wool into it and heat the mixture
c. wash the wool with clean water after it is left overnight in water and liquid soap
d. put the wool into the dye and heat it
A. c, b, a, d B. d, c, d, a C. b, a, d, c D. a, b, c, d
Bayfield Shopping Coupons (赠券)
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1. Six Hours Free Parking If you spend $ 100 or more in our stores you will receive six hours of free parking. When you have spent $100 or more, just take this coupon and your receipt to the customer service desk on level 4. They will stamp your parking ticket to allow 6 hours of free parking. Offer here until November 14. |
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2. Win a $1000 CD Collection Win your choice of $1000 worth of CDs from JB Music Store. Just buy any two CDs and your name will go into the competition. Select your own prize from our wide variety of rock, pop, jazz and classical music. Competition ends November 14. Prize drawn on November 21. Check store for more information |
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3. Buy One, Get One Free Buy one shirt or tie at Daniel’s Menswear, and get another shirt or tie of the same value free. Choose from any of our dress shirts and we will give you another one at no cost. Hurry! Offer ends November 14. Offer limited to one per customer. |
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4. 10% Off Present this coupon at The Book Store to get a 10% discount on any books you buy. We have lots of books to choose from, including children’s books, novels, travel guides, and science works. You are sure to find something that you will enjoy. Shop now for Christmas, we have a large quantity of toys as gifts for you and avoid the rush! Offer here until November 14 |
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5. Half-price Movie Tickets Buy any full-price movie ticket on Tuesdays or Wednesdays, and you can buy a second tickets for a friend for only half price. The latest movies are here, being shown in one of our five theaters at Bayfield Shopping Center. Offer here through December 1, Limit on per customer. |
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6. Free Soft Drink Buy any meal for at least $6 at Mike’s Café, and receive a free soft drink. We serve the best food in the Shopping Center. Come in and try our delicious meals and our excellent service. You won’t be disappointed! Free soft drink offer ends November 14. |
1.What are these ads for?
A. Food you can order for delivery. B. Places to go on vacation.
C. Special offers at a shopping center. D. Things on sale in a big store.
2.Which of the following is true according to the ads?
A. Spending $50 means 3 hours of free parking.
B. One person can buy 5 tickets for the price of three.
C. After buying two CDs, you can get another two CDs for free.
D. At Mike’s Café, people can get a free drink after spending $6.
3.Which of the following is NOT mentioned at this mall?
A. Clothes store. B. Music store. C. Restaurant. D. Toy store.
4.We can know from this passage ________.
A. there is more than on theater in the center.
B. if you buy a book there, you may pay less than half the price.
C. you may get a free on if you buy a shirt, or a tie, or a pair of shoes.
D. you won’t get a free soft drink unless you spend more than 10 dollars on the meal.
The Pillow
At the age of sixteen, I joined a volunteer group with my dad. I went on my first volunteer project in West Virginia. On the night we arrived, we discovered that “our family” was living in a trailer (拖车) that was in poor condition. A crew had been working on it for two weeks, but every time they finished one problem, another surfaced.
We decided the only reasonable solution was to build a new house—something unusual but necessary under these circumstances. The family was overjoyed with their new house that was twenty by thirty feet with three bedrooms, a bath and a kitchen.
On Tuesday of that week, while we ate lunch together, I asked the family’s three boys, Josh, Eric and Ryan, “What do you want for your new room?” Expecting toys and other gadgets that children usually ask for, we were astonished when Josh responded, “I just want a bed.”
The boys had never slept in a bed! They were accustomed to plastic mats. That night we had a meeting and decided that beds would be the perfect gift. On Thursday night, a few adults in our group drove to the nearest city and bought beds and new bedding.
When we saw the delivery truck coming, we told the family about the surprise. We could hardly contain ourselves. It was like watching excited children on Christmas morning.
That afternoon, as we fitted the frames of the beds together, Eric ran into the house to watch us. Too dirty to enter his room, he observed with wide-eyed enthusiasm from the doorway.
As my father slipped a pillowcase onto one of the pillows, Eric asked, “What is that?”
“A pillow,” he replied.
“What do you do with it?” Eric continued to ask.
“When you go to sleep, you put your head on it,” I answered softly. Tears came to my eyes as my father handed Eric the pillow.
“Oh…that’s soft,” he said, hugging it tightly.
Now, when my sister or I start to ask for something that seems urgent, my dad gently asks, “Do you have a pillow?”
We know exactly what he means.
1.The writer’s first volunteer project was ______.
A. working on a poor trailer B. helping a poor family
C. donating beds and bedding D. dealing with a housing problem
2.On hearing Josh’s answer, the writer was shocked because ______.
A. the family lived in a trailer B. he expected to get some toys
C. he didn’t know what a bed was D. the boys had no bed to sleep in
3.From the passage, we can learn that Eric had never seen ______ before.
A. a trailer B. a truck C. a pillow D. a house
4.By saying “Do you have a pillow?”, the writer’s father means that ______.
A. what they want to get may be unnecessary B. they should not waste money on small things
C. they should do more volunteer work for the poor D. what he will buy is not what they want but a pillow
阅读下面的短文，从短文所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
It was in my high school science class. I was doing a task in front of the classroom with my favorite shirt on.
A ___1___ came, “Nice shirt,” I smiled from ear to ear. Then another voice said, “That shirt belonged to my dad. Greg’s mother works for my family. We were going to ___2___ that shirt away, but gave it to her ___3___.” I was speechless. I wanted to hide.
I ___4___ the shirt in the back of the closet and told my mum what had happened. She then dialed her ___5___, “I will no longer work for your family,” she told him. That night, Mom told my dad that she couldn’t clean anymore; she knew her life’s ___6___ was something greater.
The next morning she ___7___ with the personnel manager at the Board of Education. He told her that without a proper education she could not teach. So Mom decided to ___8___ a university.
After the first year in college, she went back to the personnel manager. He said, “You are ___9___, aren’t you? I think I have a ___10___ for you as a teacher’s assistant. This opportunity deals with children who are mentally challenged with little or no chance of___11___.” Mom accepted the opportunity very ___12___.
For almost five years, as a teacher’s assistant, she saw teacher after teacher give up on the children and quit, feeling ___13___. Then one day, the personnel manager and the principal ___14___ in her classroom. The principal said, “We have watched how you ___15___ the children and how they communicate with you and admire your hard-working ___16___ over the last five years. We are all in agreement that you ___17___ be the teacher of this class.”
My mom spent more than 20 years there. ___18___ her career, she was voted Teacher of the Year. All of this came about because of the ___19___ comment made in the classroom that day when I was in my high school. Mom showed me how to handle ___20___ situations and never give up.
1.A. noise B. voice C. sound D. tune
2.A. get B. take C. carry D. throw
3.A. otherwise B. anyhow C. instead D. actually
4.A. settled B. pushed C. picked D. put
5.A. teacher B. employer C. director D. adviser
6.A. purpose B. encouragement C. process D. victory
7.A. went B. met C. worked D. stayed
8.A. visit B. continue C. attend D. prepare
9.A. serious B. fortunate C. careful D. responsible
10.A. career B. duty C. position D. part
11.A. learning B. judging C. obeying D. imagining
12.A. patiently B. eagerly C. successfully D. skillfully
13.A. upset B. frightened C. guilty D. ashamed
14.A. looked up B went up C. took up D. showed up
15.A. believe B. protect C. treat D. receive
16.A. spirit B. intention C. idea D. attempt
17.A. must B. would C. might D. should
18.A. At B. During C. On D. With
19.A. worthless B. thoughtless C. hopeless D. helpless
20.A. challenging B. different C. dangerous D. strange
— Who do you think ______ the book here?
— It may be John. He was sitting here all the morning.
A. was leaving B. leaves C. had left D. has left
Being an experienced teacher, he is good at ______ the mind of his students.
A. seeing B. reading C. realizing D. recognizing
