For many years, scientists couldn't figure out how atoms and molecules on the Earth combined to make living things. Plants, fish, dinosaurs, and people are made of atoms and molecules, but they are put together in a more complicated way than the molecules in the primitive ocean. What's more, living things have energy and can reproduce, while the chemicals on the Earth 4 billion years ago were lifeless.
After years of study, scientists figured out that living things, including human bodies, are basically made of amino acids and nucleotide bases. These are molecules with millions of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen atoms. How could such complicated molecules have been formed in the primitive soup? Scientists were stumped.
Then, in 1953, two scientists named Harold Urey and Stanley L. Miller did a very simple experiment to find out what had happened on the Primitive Earth. They set up some tubes and bottles in a closed loop, and put in some of the same gases that were present in the atmosphere 4 billion years ago: water vapor, ammonia, carbon dioxide, methane, and hydrogen.
Then they shot an electric spark through the gases to simulate bolts of lightning on the ancient Earth, circulated the gases through some water, sent them back for more sparks, and so on. After seven days, the water that the gases had been bubbling through had turned brown. Some new chemicals were dissolved in it. When Miller and Urey analyzed the liquid, they found that it contained amino acids-the very kind of molecules found in all living things.
1.When did scientists come to realize how the atoms and molecules on the Earth combined to make living thing?
A. 4 billion years ago. B.1953. C. After seven days.D. Many years later.
2.Scientists figured out that human bodies are basically made of .
A.amino acids
B.molecules
C. hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen atoms
D. water vapor, ammonia, carbon dioxide, methane and hydrogen
3.Harold Urey and Stanley L.Miller did their experiment in order to .
A. find out what had happened on the Earth 4 billion years ago
B.simulate bolts of lightning on the ancient Earth
C. dissolve some new chemicals
D.analyze a liquid
4.At the end of the last paragraph, the underlined word "it" refers to .
A. a closed loop B. an electric spark C.water D. the liquid
5.According to the writer, living things on the Earth include .
A. atoms and molecules B.chemicals
C. plants, fish, dinosaurs and human beings D.the primitive soup
When John Milton , writer of “Paradise Lost” ,entered Cambridge University, in 1625, he was already skilled in Latin after seven years of studying it as his second language at St. Paul’s School, London. Like all English boys who prepared for college in grammar schools ,he had learned not only to read Latin but also to speak and write it smoothly and correctly .His pronunciation of Latin was English ,however ,and seemed to have sounded strange to his friends when he later visited Italy.
Schoolboys gained their skill in Latin in a bitter way. They kept in mind the rules to make learning by heart easier. They first made a word-for-word translation and then an idiomatic translation into English .As they increased their skill ,they translated their English back into Latin without referring to the book and then compared their translation with the original .The schoolmaster was always at hand to encourage them. All schoolmasters believed Latin should be beaten in.
After several years of study ,the boys began to write compositions in imitation of the Latin writers they read. And as they began to read Latin poems ,they began to write poems in Latin .Because Milton was already a poet at ten ,his poems were much better than those painfully put together by the other boys. During the seven years Milton spent at university ,he made regular use of his command of Latin. He wrote some excellent Latin poems ,which he published among his works in 1645.
1.What does the passage mainly tell about?
A．How John Milton wrote “Paradise Lost”.B．How John Milton studied Latin.
C．How John Milton became famous. D．How John Milton became a poet.
2.Which of the following is true of John Milton’s pronunciation of Latin?
A. It has a strong Italian accent. B. It has an uncommon accent.
C. It was natural and easy to understand. D. It was bad and difficult to understand.
3.It can be inferred from the passage that .
A．Milton’s training in Latin was similar to that of the other boys
B．Milton hadn’t learned any foreign language except Latin before going to college
C．Milton’s Italian friends helped him with Latin when talking
D．Milton’s classmates learned Latin harder but worse than Milton.
4.Which of the following is suggested in the passage?
A．The schoolmaster mainly helped those who were bad at Latin.
B．The schoolmaster usually stood beside the schoolboys with a stick in his hand.
C．The schoolboys could repeat Latin grammar rules from memory.
D．Some of the schoolboys were quick at writing compositions in Latin.
5.What is the meaning of the underlined part “Latin should be beaten in” (Para.2)?
A．Schoolboys should be punished if they were lazy to learn Latin.
B．Schoolboys should be encouraged if they had difficulty in learning Latin.
C．Schoolboys were expected to master Latin in a short time.
D．Schoolboys had to study Latin in a hard way.
阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 然后从各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Saint-Ex back from the dead
The French Government confirmed last Wednesday that pieces found at the bottom of the Mediterranean belonged to a plane piloted by Antoine de Saint-Exupery, one of France's most beloved authors. The discovery throws some 1on Saint-Exupery's mysterious disappearance about sixty years ago.
The author of "The Little Prince" disappeared completely during World War II while 2a group of men for the Allies (联盟)over 3of France on July 31, 1944. But in May 2000, a professional diver discovered the remains of a Lockheed Lightning P38 plane thrown here and there on the seabed in 70 metres of water 4the French port of Marseilles. A state ban (禁令) on 5dives in the area delayed further searches until October 2003. At that time, a salvage (打捞)team 6pieces of the aircraft's landing parts and engine. One of the pieces 7a maker's number. It wasn't until last Wednesday that the researchers 8confirmed that it belonged to Saint-Exupery’s plane.
Saint-Exupery was 44 when he 9out to photograph parts of southern France in 10for the Allied landings there, but was never seen again. Repeated searches of the coast 11to turn up the aircraft, leaving the author's disappearance 12in mystery. The discovery was a dream for 13, even if it did not explain why the plane came down.
Saint Exupery was a great adventurer whose life and 14turned him into one of the country's biggest heroes. "The Little Prince" is a tale about a little boy who tells his 15to a pilot he meets in the Sahara Desert.
1.A. ideas B. light C. thought D. views
2.A. sending B. seeing off C. flying D. being together with
3.A. the east B. the west C. the north D. the south
4.A. along B. off C. over D. to
5.A. late B. immediate C. further D. new
6.A. searched B. got C. found out D. recovered
7.A. got B. bore C. made D. put
8.A.surely B. carefully C. completely D. finally
9.A. sent B. flew C. turned D. came
10.A. preparation B. search C. group D. secret
11.A. succeeded B. failed C. got D. missed
12.A. recovered B. covered C. unknown D. known
13.A. dives B. France C. authors D. historians
14.A. books B. stories C. plane D. war
15.A. discoveries B. author C. experiences D. searches
If you live in the countryside , ____ are that you have heard birds singing to welcome the new day.
A. situations B. facts C. chances D. possibilities
Since he has made such good preparations , there ______be any difficulty in winning the first prize.
A. mustn’t B. shan’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
He is a man who is difficult ____.
A. to satisfy with B. to be satisfied with C. to satisfy D. to be satisfied
