Burns can be caused by fire, the sun, chemicals, heated objects or fluids, and electricity. They can be minor problems or life-threatening emergencies. Distinguishing a minor burn from a more serious burn involves determining the degree of damage to the tissues of the body. If you are not sure how serious the burn is, seek emergency medical help.
First-degree burns are those in which only the outer layer of skin is burned. The skin is usually red and some swelling (肿大) and pain may occur. Unless the burn involves large portions of the body, it can be treated at home.
Second-degree burns are those in which the first layer of skin has been burned through and the second layer of skin is also burned. In these burns, the skin reddens intensely and blisters (水泡) develop. Severe pain and swelling also occur. Second-degree burns require medical treatment.
Third-degree burns are the most serious and involve all layers of skin. Fat, nerves, muscles, and even bones may be affected. Areas may be charred black or appear a dry white. If nerve damage is substantial, there may be no pain at all. These burns require emergency medical attention.
Follow these steps when treating minor burns at home:
1) If the skin is not broken, run cool water over the burn for several minutes.
2) Cover the burn with a sterile (消过毒的) bandage or clean cloth.
3) Take aspirin to relieve any swelling or pain.
Seek emergency treatment immediately for major burns. Before an emergency unit arrives, follow these steps:
1) Remove the person from the source of the burn (fire, electrical current, etc.).
2) If the person is not breathing, begin mouth-to-mouth resuscitation (人工呼吸) immediately.
3) Remove all clothing to stop further burning. If the clothing is stuck to the burn, do not attempt to remove it.
4) Cover the burned area with a cool, moist, sterile bandage or clean cloth. Do not place any creams, ointments (药膏) or ice on the burned area or break blisters.
5) Monitor the patient for signs of shock, and treat accordingly.
1.The underlined sentence in the first paragraph probably means “______”.
A. They can be dangerous if you don’t treat them seriously
Ｂ. They range from slight burns to deadly ones
C. They seldom cause deaths even if not treated properly
D. They usually cause deaths if not treated properly
2.Burns are divided into different degrees according to _______.
A. what kind of treatment they need
B. what kind of tissue of the body is damaged
C. whether there is pain and what degree of pain there is
D. which layer of skin is burned
3.From the passage we learn that _______.
A. if there is severe pain, then you need medical treatment
B. first-degree burns don’t require medical treatment
C. burns without pains can be treated at home
D. the larger the swelling is, the more serious it is
4.It can be inferred from the passage that ______.
A. you shouldn’t cover the burn with a bandage or cloth if it is severe
B. you shouldn’t move the person unless you know how to do first aid
C. you shouldn’t run cool water over the burn if the skin is broken
D. you shouldn’t place any wet towels on the burned area
5.where do you probably find the passage?
A.a fashion magazine B.a guide book
C.a book on first aid D.a section about culture in the newspaper
The train stopped and a girl got on. As I had become 1by then, I could not tell what the girl looked like, but I could say she was a pretty girl.
“Are you going to Dehra Dun?” I asked her as the train 2. Maybe my voice 3her. She screamed in a low voice and said, “I don’t know anyone else here.” Well, it often 4that people with good 5fail to see what is right in front of them. “I didn’t see you either at first,” I said. “But I 6you come in.” I wondered if I would be able to 7her from discovering that I couldn’t see. I thought, 8I kept to my seat, it shouldn’t be too difficult.
She was silent. Then I made a 9. “What is it like outside?” I asked. She seemed to find something 10in the question. Had she already noticed that I could not see? But her next question 11my doubts. “Why don’t you look out of the window?” she asked quite 12. I smiled, “You have an interesting face.” I thought it was a 13remark as few girls could be tired of hearing that.
She laughed pleasantly. “It’s 14to be told that,” she said. “But I’m so tired of people telling me that I have a 15face.” Oh, so you did have a pretty face, thought I, and aloud I said, “Well, an interesting face 16also be pretty.” “You are a good 17,” she said. “But why are you so serious?” Just then, the train 18slowly into the next station, and the girl said goodbye to me.
“She was an interesting girl,” I said to a new 19and then I asked him, “Did she keep her hair long or short?” “I don’t remember,” he replied, sounding 20. “But she was completely blind. Didn’t you notice?”
1.A. sleepy B. blind C. hungry D. dull
2.A. pulled out B. pulled in
C. left off D. sent out
3.A. annoyed B. cheered C. shocked D. touched
4.A. appears B. turns C. proves D. happens
5.A. intension B. eyesight C. power D. ability
6.A. watched B. heard C. observed D. forgot
7.A. prevent B. cheat C. protect D. hold
8.A. unless B. until C. if D. though
9.A. promise B. plan C. trick D. mistake
10.A. interesting B. difficult
C. strange D. unfamiliar
11.A. removed B. canceled
C. disappeared D. added
12.A. simply B. naturally
C. nervously D. calmly
13.A. special B. popular C. safe D. familiar
14.A. boring B. fortunate
C. confusing D. nice
15.A. pretty B. common C. similar D. blind
16.A. must B. should C. can D. shall
17.A. liar B. talker C. neighbor D. passer-by
18.A. dragged B. slipped C. entered D. drew
19.A. conductor B. passenger
C. waiter D. policeman
20.A. excited B. disappointed
C. puzzled D. indifferent
Snow is rare in this area. You can hardly see any snow, ________ it is winter.
A. ever since B. now that
C. even though D. even so
The prices have been rising all the time, especially that of housing. So it is high time the government _______ action to solve it.
A. takes B. have taken
C. took D. to take
— So much work needs to be finished in such a short time.
— _________ I’ll give you a hand.
A. Not to worry. B. So what?
C. You can’t be too careful! D. That’s right.
_________ the wind and the sun, the color on the board gradually ran.
A. Being exposed to B. Having exposed C. Exposing D. Exposed to
