Grown-ups know that people and objects are solid. At the movies, we know that if we reach out to touch Tom Cruise, all we will feel is air. But does a baby have this understanding?
To see whether babies know objects are solid, T. Bower designed a method for projecting an optical illusion（视觉影像） of a hanging ball. His plan was to first give babies a real ball, one they could reach out and touch, and then to show them the illusion. If they knew that objects are solid and they reached out for the illusion and found empty air, they could be expected to show surprise in their faces and movements. All the 16-to 24- week -old babies tested were surprised when they reached for the illusion and found that the ball was not there.
Grown-ups also have a sense of object permanence. We know that if we put a box in a room and lock the door, the box will still be there when we come back. But does a baby realize that a ball that rolls under a chair does not disappear and go to never-never land?
Experiments done by Bower suggest that babies develop a sense of object permanence when they are about 18 weeks old. In his experiments, Bower used a toy train that went behind a screen. When 16-week-old and 22-week-old babies watched the toy train disappear behind the left side of the screen, they looked to the right, expecting it to reappear. If the experimenter took the train off the table and lifted the screen, all the babies seemed surprised not to see the train. This seems to show that all the babies had a sense of object permanence. But the second part of the experiment showed that this was not really the case. The researcher substituted a ball for the train when it went behind the screen. The 22-week-old babies seemed surprised and looked back to the left side for the train. But the 16-week -old babies did not seem to notice the switch. Thus, the 16-week-old babies seemed to have a sense of “something permanence,” while the 22-week-old babies had a sense of object permanence related to a particular object.
1.The passage is mainly about _____.
A. babies' sense of sight B. effects of experiments on babies
C. babies' understanding of objects D. different tests on babies' feelings
2.In Paragraph 3, “object permanence” means that when out of sight, an object _____.
A. still exists B. keeps its shape C. still stays solid D. is beyond reach
3.What did Bower use in his experiments?
A. A chair. B. A screen. C. A film. D. A box.
4.Which of the following statements is true?
A. The babies didn't have a sense of direction.
B. The older babies preferred toy trains to balls.
C. The younger babies liked looking for missing objects.
D. The babies couldn't tell a ball from its optical illusion.
Loving France
Landing in France, a sacred feeling suddenly arises which attracts you to know more about this country.
France, about hexagonal (六边形) in shape, has a boundary on the east with Germany, Switzerland and Italy, and is bounded on the southeast by Monaco and the Mediterranean Sea; on the south are Spain and Andorra, with the Bay of Biscay on the west and the English Channel on the north as natural borders.
A series of massive mountain ranges includes the Alps, which separate France and Italy, and the Jura Mountains that delineate (画出轮廓) the Franco-Swiss border. The Rhine River, at the northeast corner of France forms the Franco-German boundary. The Pyrenees Mountains, extending along the Franco-Spanish frontier from the Mediterranean to the Bay of Biscay, forms the other mountain boundary of France.
The plains region is a projection of the great plain of Europe. The outstanding features of the plains are the river valleys. Among all the rivers, totaling more than 200 with numerous tributaries which are almost all commercially navigable, the Rhine River is the largest in terms of discharge volume.
The capital and largest city in France is Paris, which attracts many visitors every year. Marseilles is a chief port and Lyon is an industrial center famous for its textiles. Other major cities include Toulouse, an industrial and trade center; Nice, a resort; Strasbourg, a Rhine River port and industrial and commercial center; Bordeaux, a seaport and most famous for its wine.
French perfume, champagne, and bridges in Paris… want to know more? Then next time we will return to Paris, and you will learn more about her.
1.How many mountain ranges are mentioned in the passage?
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
2.The underlined word “discharge” means ______.
A. storage B. electric power production C. the release of water D. the money made
3.Which is not TRUE according to the passage?
A. Spain is to the southwest of Germany.
B. Mountains are the outstanding features of the plains.
C. Both Marseilles and Bordeaux are ports.
D. Both Nice and Paris attract many tourists every year.
4.Which city is flourishing both in its industry and commerce?
A. Marseilles B. Lyon C. Toulouse D. Strasbourg
To Design Perfect School Uniforms
Believe it or not, there are good reasons for wearing a school uniform. It makes you 1__ proud of your school. It builds a common spirit of unity (整体) among students and 2them of the values and history of their school. But for most students, school uniforms are not something to be proud of 3.
“Why 4the school uniform just one day a week? Always wearing the same clothes makes me feel boring,” a senior student from a high school complained (抱怨). “I don’t like the big English letters of the name of our school on the back,” said a junior student “They could be __5.” The main student complaints about school uniforms are: simple colors, boring designs and bad 6. And a teacher at a middle school in Guangzhou said that 7a teacher and a mother, she eagerly 8the quality of school uniforms will be improved soon.
What has caused all these problems? Chen Hong, a uniform designer in Shenzhen, pointed out that problems 9because the whole society doesn’t see the 10of the school uniform.
“Most designers are 11to stick to the same old fashion, 12there are no professionals (专业人员) 13work for students,” Chen said.
His company 14most of the awards in the first national competition for school uniforms last month in Nanning, Guangxi.
“Besides, high quality calls for a high price,” said Chen. “But in some schools, the annual (一年一度) expense for each student’s uniform is only 50 to 60 yuan. How can we produce high quality clothes with so 15money?”
Even with these problems, efforts have been made 16the situation, according to Zhai Shiliang, 17of the School Uniform Administration and Service Center in Beijing. A school clothes competition was held in April in Beijing. Thirty-seven uniforms, 18in schools next spring, were selected from 570. “We will offer the samples (样品) for schools to choose,” Zhai said.
“The perfect uniform should remind the students of the school’s honor and cause them to be proud of it 19they are,” Chen said. Zhai added, “During the 2009 Olympic Games, the whole world will see the new appearance of our 20century young generation with new school uniforms.”
1.A. take B. feel C. to take D. to feel
2.A. remains B. remember C. reminds D. recalls
3.A. at all B. in all C. for all D. after all
4.A. not to wear B. to wear C. not wear D. wear
5.A. large B. larger C. small D. smaller
6.A. quantity B. amount C. quality D. unit
7.A. as B. like C. for D. with
8.A. wishes B. needs C. wants D. hopes
9.A. come through B. come up C. come in D. come on
10.A. importance B. important C. design D. possibility
11.A. like B. possibly C. unlikely D. likely
12.A. if B. although C. because D. because of
13.A. what B. which C. that D. ×
14.A. won B. has won C. wins D. had won
15.A. few B. little C. much D. many
16.A. improve B. develop C. change D. to change
17.A. a head B. the head C. Head D. head
18.A. being seen B. to be seen C. to see D. will be seen
19.A. whenever and wherever B. when and where
C. what and who D. whatever and whoever
20.A. 19th B. 20th C. 21st D. 22nd
——What do you want to do next? We have half an hour until the basketball game.
—— .Whatever you want to do is fine with me.
A. It just depends. B. It is up to you. C. All right. D. Glad to hear that..
Tom could not say what it was _____ bothered him.
A. that B. who C. what D. which
the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.
A . Not completing B. Not completed.
C. Not having completed D. Having not completed
