In 1993, New York State ordered stores to charge a deposit on beverage (=drink) containers. Within a year, consumers had returned millions of aluminum cans and glass and plastic bottles. Plenty of companies were eager to accept the aluminum and glass as raw material for new products, but because few could figure out what to do with the plastic, much of it would end up buried in landfills(垃圾填埋场). The problem was not limited to New York. Unfortunately, there were too few uses for second-hand plastic.
Today, one out of five plastic soda bottles is recycled in the United States. The reason for the change is that now there are dozens of companies across the country buying discarded plastic soda bottles and turning them into fence post, paint brushes, etc.
As the New York experience shows, recycling involves more than simply separating valuable materials from the rest of the rubbish. A discard remains a discard unti1 somebody figures out how to give it a second life — and until economic arrangements exist to give that second life va1ue.Without adequate markets to absorb materials collected for recycling, throwaways actually depress prices for used materials.
Shrinking landfill space and rising costs for burying and burning rubbish are forcing local governments to look more closely at recycling. In many areas, the East Coast especially, recycling is already the least expensive waste-management option. For every ton of waste recycled, a city avoids paying for its disposal, which, in parts of New York, amounts to savings of more than $100 per ton. Recycling also stimulates the local economy by creating jobs and reduces the pollution control and energy costs of industries that make recycled products by giving them a more refined raw material.
1.What regulation was issued by New York State concerning beverage containers?
A. A fee should be charged on used containers for recycling.
B. Throwaways should be collected by the state for recycling.
C. Consumers had to pay for beverage containers and could get their money back on returning them.
D. Beverage companies should be responsible for collecting and reusing discarded plastic soda bottles.
2.The returned plastic bottles in New York used to .
A. be turned into raw materia1s
B. be separated from other rubbish
C. have a second-life value
D. end up somewhere underground
3.The key problem in dealing with returned plastic beverage containers is .
A. how to reduce their recycling costs
B. to sell them at a profitable price
C. how to turn them into useful things
D. to lower the prices for used materials
4.Recycling has become the first choice for the disposal of rubbish because .
A. recycling causes litt1e pollution
B. other methods are more expensive
C. recycling has great appeal for the jobless
D. local governments find it easy to manage
5.It can be concluded from the passage that .
A. recycling is to be recommended both economically and environmentally
B. local governments in the U. S. can expect big profits from recycling
C. rubbish is a potential remedy for the shortage of raw materials
D. landfills will sti1l be widely used for waste disposal
Societies all over the world name places in similar ways. Quite often there is no official naming ceremony but places tend to be called names as points of reference by people. Then an organized body steps in and gives the place a name. Frequently it happens that a place has two names: One is named by the people and the other by the government. As in many areas, old habits died hard, and the place continues to be called by its unofficial name long after the meaning is lost.
Many roads and places in Singapore are named in order that the pioneers will be remembered by future generations. Thus we have names such as Stamford Road and Raffles Place. This is in keeping with traditions in many countries ---- in both the West and the East.
Another way of naming places is naming them after other places. Perhaps they were named to promote friendships between the two places or it could be that the people who used to live there were originally from the places that the roads were named after. The mystery is clearer when we see some of the roads named in former British bases. If you step into Selector Airbase you will see Piccadilly Circus ---- obviously named by some homesick Royal Air Force personnel.
Some places were named after the activities that used to go on at those places. Bras Basah Road is an interesting example, “Base Basah” means “wet rice” in Malay(马来语). Now why would anyone want to name a road “Wet Rice Road”? The reason is simple. During the pioneering days, wet rice was laid out to dry along this road.
A few roads in Singapore are named by their shapes. There is “Circular Road” for one. Other roads may have part of their names to describe their shapes, like “Paya Lebar Crescent”. This road is called a crescent(月牙) because it begins on the main road, makes a crescent and comes back to join the main road again.
1.We learn from Paragraph 1 that _____.
A. the government is usually the first to name a place
B. many places tend to have more than one name
C. a ceremony will be held when a place is named
D. people prefer the place names given by the government
2.What does the underlined phrase “die hard” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A. Change suddenly.
B. Change significantly.
C. Disappear mysteriously.
D. Disappear very slowly.
3.Which of the following places is named after a person?
A. Raffles Place.
B. Selector Airbase.
C. Piccadilly Circus.
D. Paya Lebar Crescent.
4.Bras Basah Road is named _______.
A. after a person
B. after a place
C. after an activity
D. by its shape
5.What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Some place names in Singapore are the same as in Britain.
B. Some places in Singapore are named for military purposes.
C. The way Singaporeans name their places is unique.
D. Young Singaporeans have forgotten the pioneers.
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡上标号的相应位置。
Doctors urge more playtime for children
The American Academy of Pediatrics (儿科) says 1.children really need for health development is more good, old-fashioned playtime.
Many parents load their 2.(child) schedules with get-smart videos, enrichment activities and lots of classes in a drive to help 3.do better. The efforts often begin as early as babyhood. Free play is neglected in the shuffle, a new academy report says.
Numerous studies have shown that free play is very 4.(benefit). It can help children become creative, develop problem-solving skills, relate to others and adjust to school settings, 5.academy report says.
“Perhaps above all, play is something 6.is a cherished part of childhood,” says another report, 7.(prepare) by two academy committees for release Monday 8.the group's annual meeting in Atlanta.
It adds that enrichment tools and organized activities can be helpful, 9.should not 10.(view) as a requirement for creating successful children. They must be balanced with plenty of free playtime.
Anna Douglas was 72 years old when she started writing her newspaper column. She had been a school teacher before she retired, but she needed to keep 1. She was even willing to work without pay. She then offered her 2to a business that helped other businesses find jobs for old people. Every day she 3other old folk like her, by talking with them, she 4two things. Old people had abilities that were not 5. But old people also had some 6. She found a new purpose for herself then.
Through the years, she 7to write stories about people for national magazines. There was now a new 8: Old people like herself. She began to write a newspaper column called “Sixty Plus”, which was about 9old. She writes about the problems of old people, especially their problems with being 10. Anna Douglas uses her 11ability to see the truth behind a problem. She understands 12problems begin. For example, one of her 13said that his grandchildren 14the houses as soon as he came to visit. Mrs. Douglas 15some ways for him to understand his grandchildren.
1.A. free B. rich C. powerful D. busy
2.A. services B. money C. students D. books
3.A. observed B. met C. comforted D. answered
4.A. enjoyed B. followed C. recognized D. demanded
5.A. studied B. agreed C. gave D. used
6.A. mistakes B. problems C. questions D. characters
7.A. had B. ought C. was D. used
8.A. subject B. life C. way D. plan
9.A. getting B. respecting C. employing D. supporting
10.A. unknown B. refused C. misunderstood D. discouraged
11.A. thinking B. working C. reading D. leading
12.A. that B. when C. whether D. why
13.A. visitors B. readers C. listeners D. friends
14.A. got B. entered C. left D. passed
15.A. suggested B. chose C. invented D. imagined
假如你是李明，你的班里来了一位英国交换生Paul。他在和你的交谈中表示在中国学习压力很大。请你给他写封信，给他提一些建议。主要包括以下内容：
1．请求老师和同学的帮助
2．不要总想着考试成绩，要多想自己的进步
3．多做运动
4．……
注意：1．词数：100字左右；
2．可适当加入细节，以使行文连贯；
3．信的开头已为你写好（不计入总词数）。
I quite sympathize with you and understand the great trouble you are suffering from． ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes!
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行作出判断：如无错误，在该行右边横线上画一个勾（√）；如有错误（每行只有一个错误），则按下列情况改正：
此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。
此行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。
此行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。
注意：原行没有错的不要改。
It was a long time since we last saw each other．You can 1.
hardly imagine how I miss you ．How are you getting with 2.
your first job? I remember you once tell me you were eager 3.
to graduate and to become an English teacher．Now you must 4.
have many first--hand experience．How do you find your English 5.
teaching? Is teaching kids English as interested as you expected 6.
in college? And do your student enjoy your classroom teaching? 7.
Anyway, I believe you must very popular with the kids, for 8.
you are a born teacher．Hope you great success in your work! Yes, 9.
why not give me call and come for a get-together this weekend ? 10.
