“Most experiences of absent-mindedness ,forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room , are caused by a simple lack of attention, ” says Schacter. “You’re supposed to remember something, but you haven’t encoded（编码） it deeply.”
Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impression on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create troublesome situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don’t pay attention to what you did because you’re involved in a conversation, you’ll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your cupboard. “Your memory itself isn’t failing you, ” says Schacter, “Rather, you didn’t give your memory system the information it needed.” http://wx.jtyjy.com/
Lack of interest can also lead to absent -mindedness. “A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago, ” says Zelinski, “ may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox.”Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory depends on just that.
“Visual cues（ 视觉提示 ）can help prevent absent--mindedness, ”says Schacter, “But be sure the cue is clear and available. ”If you want to remember to take a medicine with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table—don’t leave it in the medicine box and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.
Another common experience of absent - mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you’re there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. “Everyone does this from time to time, ”says Zelinski. “The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you’ll likely remember.”
1.The writer of the passage thinks that encoding properly is very important because ________.
A. it enables us to recall something from our memory
B. it slows down the process of losing our memory
C. it helps us understand our memory system better
D. it helps us to get back to where we were
2.One possible reason why women have a little better memories than men is that________.
A. they rely more on the environment
B. they have a wider range of interests
C. they have an unusual power of focusing their attention
D. they are more interested in what’s happening around them
3.Why can a note in the pocket hardly serve as a reminder? ________.
A. It will easily get lost
B. It is out of your sight
C. It’s not clear enough for you to read
D. It might get mixed up with other things
4.From the last paragraph we can learn that________.
A. repetition might help improve our memory
B. memory depends to a certain extent on the environment
C. we’d better return to where we were if we forget things
D. we should think about something else while doing one thing
5.The passage is mainly about ________.
A. the memory system of persons
B. a way of encoding and recalling
C. the causes of absent-mindedness
D. the impression of the environment on memory
It was a cold and cloudy afternoon. I was on the bus with my children, aged four and two, heading home when it started to rain. I realized this would mean a wet walk home 1. the bus stop.
Home was only two blocks away 2. it was not a pleasant walk with one small boy fast asleep in the pram (手推婴儿车), the other one in a raincoat and no umbrella for myself. A pick-up truck passed us on the road and, a few minutes later, I saw it 3. (pull) back and the driver looking directly at us.
A young man put the window down. “Hey, here’s an umbrella for you --- please take it.” He called out.
I stood there 4. (astonish), barely believing that the man, 5. existence was unknown to me only moments ago, could be so 6. (thought). “Come on, give this to your mummy,” he said to my older son. I gratefully accepted the offer, 7. (thank) him and watched the truck disappear down the road.
This man might have needed the umbrella for 8. later during the day but preferred to give it to me. It was a lesson to me 9. it’s possible to give without expecting anything 10. return.
Several factors make a good newspaper story. First， 1 ，it must be new. But since TV can react to events so quickly, this is often a problem for 2 . They usually respond 3 it in one of three ways.
One by providing 4 detail, comment or background information.
One by finding a new 5 on the day’s major stories.
One by printing completely different stories which 6 doesn’t broadcast.
What else? Well—it also has to be 7 . People don’t want to read about 8 , everyday life. Because of this, many stories 9 some kind of conflict or danger. This is one reason why so much news seems to be 10 news, “ Plane lands safely—no-one hurt ”doesn’t sell newspapers. “Plane 11 —200 feared dead !” does .
Next, there’s human interest. People are interested in other 12 —particularly in the rich, famous and powerful. Stories about the private lives of pop singers, actors, models, politicians, 13 , all appear regularly in certain newspapers .
Finally, for many editors, 14 is an important factor, too. They prefer stories about people, places and events which their readers know. That’s 15 the stories in Tokyo’s newspapers are often very different from the stories printed in Paris, Cairo, New York or Buenos Aires.
1.A .gradually B. extremely C. obviously D. precisely
2.A. newspapers B. publications C. reporters D. broadcasters
3.A. with B. on C. of D. to
4.A. extra B. available C. reliable D. memorable
5.A. direction B. look C. angle D. section
6.A. TV B. internet C. newspaper D. radio
7.A. conventional B. dramatic C. professional D. sensitive
8. A. common B. usual C. ordinary D. special
9.A. urge B. neglect C. increase D. involve
10.A. good B. bad C. exciting D. informative
11.A. crashes B. bumps C. strikes D. drops
12. A. places B. people C. things D. news
13. A. in addition B. in any case C. for example D. after all
14.A. personality B. similarity C. tolerance D. familiarity
15. A. that B. why C. because D. what
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
There is a growing debate about the most effective way for students to study. Traditionally studying alone was thought to be the best way to ensure good exam results. When studying alone， you can focus your mind better than when you are with others. You also have the freedom to choose what topic to study and when, as you don't need file agreement of others. Students that prefer to study alone often say that when they study with their classmates they waste a lot of time because the discussion is often about non-study topics such as television or holidays.
In the last few years, however, more and more students have started studying in groups. There are several reasons many students prefer this method. First, they find that studying in groups is more fun as they can share the experience with others rather than staying in their rooms. In groups, they can discuss the subject together and when something is not understood they can ask each other questions. They can use the knowledge of their classmates to help improve their own knowledge. Finally by discussing the topic they are able to both understand and remember it better.
[写作内容]
(1) 以约30个词概括短文的要点；
(2) 然后以约120个词就“独自学习好还是与他人合作学习好”的主题发表看法，并包括如下要点：
① 你喜欢独自学习还是与他人合作学习；
② 根据你个人的学习经历，简述你的理由；
③ 你的老师对你的学习方式的看法和建议；
④ 你认为怎样的学习方式才能取得最佳的学习效果。
[写作要求]
1. 标题: The Best Way to Learn
2. 可以使用实例或其他论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得 直接引用原文中的句子；
3. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
[评分标准] 概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，语篇连贯。
一项调查显示，随着科技的发展，网上购物越来越广泛使用。请根据以下表格内容介绍网上购物的优点和缺点，并给出你的建议。开头已给出，不计入总句数内。
【写作内容】
|
优点 |
1. 非常方便，随时购物。 2. 选购货物省时省力，不必花时间逛商店。 3. 一般来说，价格比较便宜。 |
|
缺点 |
1. 货物质量难以保证。 2. 信用卡安全性受到质疑。 |
|
你的建议 |
……
|
[写作要求]
1． 只能使用5个句子表达全部内容。
According to a survey, online shopping is more and more widely used with the development of science and technology.
阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。以下是一些电子产品的介绍：
A. 
Microsoft
Office: This computer software package provides you with everything for your
business or study needs. Whether you need to write a report, do your business
accounts, design a web page or stay in touch through email, Office can do it
all and much more. Cost $740
B. 
Motorola
L7i mobile phone: Web enabled phone that allows you to surf the net anywhere at
anytime, with 2 mega pixel camera built in for photo and video. 1 GB memory to
store large music and movie files. Cost $530
C. 
Lenovo
laptop computer X61: This ultra-portable notebook is ideal for mobile users
such as travellers and businessmen because it is lightweight (only 1 kilo) and
offers extremely long battery life (up to 8 hours before recharging is
necessary). Cost $1,200
D. 
Supersonic
MP4 Player: Multimedia player is just what you need to stay entertained
wherever you go. Use the 1.5-inch screen as a video player or to play games.
With 15GB of storage you can also store and listen to thousands of your
favourite songs with just tile click of a button. Cost $140
E. 
Nintendo
Game Boy: This portable video game system allows you to have fun wherever you
are. With thousands of different games available to play on this system you are
sure to never get bored. Cost $240
F. 
Sony
Thinline Digital TV: This TV provides the crystal clear picture you expect from
Sony and is only 2 cm thick. Has 120GB built in memory allowing you to record
and store hundreds of hours of your favourite programmes with just the touch of
a button. Cost: $3,500
下面是关于一些商店的简介，请匹配商店与它所销售的产品：
1.One-Stop Computer Centre: We are specialists in Dell and Samsung computers, offering a full range of desktops and notebooks for these two brands. We also stock a huge selection of computer softwares including all Microsoft, Sun Microsystems and Adobe applications.
2.Joe's Discount Electronics: Joe guarantees to provide you with the cheapest electronic products anywhere in the city. We may not have famous name brands but if you are looking for a reliable TV, mobile phone, MP4 player at unbeatable prices then Joe's is the place for you.
3.The Digital Warehouse: We're the city's leading electronic games store, offering the latest systems from Microsoft (Xbox), Sony (Play Station 3) and Nintendo (Wii, Game Boy). We also offer a huge selection of games for each system, and if we don't have we will order it for you.
4.HiFi House: If you're looking for a new music system or the latest in television technology then we are for you. Get honest and reliable advice from our sales team on the right products for you. We only sell quality brands so your satisfaction is guaranteed.
5. The Mobile King: Are you always on the move? Do you need to take your work with you wherever you go? Is your back sore from carrying around your old heavy laptop computer? Then come to us to get the lightest and most powerful laptop computers from brand names such as Toshiba, Sony and Lenovo.
