Having a husband means an extra seven hours of housework each week for women, according to a new study. For men, getting married saves an hour of housework a week. “It’s a well-known pattern,” said lead researcher Frank Stafford at University of Michigan’s Institute for Social Research. “Men usually work more outside the home, while women take on more of the housework.”
He points out that differences among households (家庭) exist. But in general, marriage means more housework for women and less for men. “And the situation gets worse for women when they have children.” Stafford said.
Overall, times are changing in the American home. In 1976, women busied themselves with 26 weekly hours of sweeping-and-dusting work, compared with 17 hours in 2005. Men are taking on more housework, more than doubling their housework hours from six in 1976 to 13 in 2005.
Single women in their 20s and 30s did the least housework, about 12 weekly hours, while married women in their 60s and 70s did the most – about 21 hours a week.
Men showed a somewhat different pattern, with older men picking up the broom more often than younger men. Single men worked the hardest around the house, more than that of all other age groups of married men.
Having children increases housework even further. With more than three children , for example, wives took on more of the extra work, clocking about 28 hours a week compared with husbands’ 10 hours.
1. How many hours of housework did men do every week in the 1970s?
A. About 28 B. About 26 C. About 13 D. About 6
2.What kind of man is doing most housework according to the text?
A. An unmarried man. B. An older married man.
C. A younger married man. D. A married man with children.
3.What can we conclude from Stafford’s research?
A. Marriage gives men more freedom.
B. Marriage has effects on job choices.
C. Housework sharing changes over time.
D. Having children means doubled housework.
4.According to the “well-known pattern” in Paragraph 1, a married man ________.
A. takes on heavier work B. does more housework
C. is the main breadwinner D. is the master of the house
In the United States 84 colleges now accept just women. Most of them were established in the 19th century; they were designed to offer women the education they could not receive anywhere else. At that time major universities and colleges accepted only men. In the past 20 years many young women have chosen to study at colleges that accept both men and women. As a result some women’s colleges decided to accept men students too. Others, however, refused to change. Now these schools are popular again
The president of Trinity College in Washington, D. C. said that by the end of the 1980s women began to recognize that studying at the same school with men did not mean women were having an equal chance to learn. The president of Smith College in Massachusetts says a women’s college permits women to choose classes and activities freely. For example, she says that in a women’s college a higher percentage of students studies mathematics than in a college with both men and women.
Educational experts say men students in the United States usually speak in class more than women students do. In a women’s college, women feel free to say what they think. Women’s schools also bring out leadership capabilities in many women. Women are represented everywhere. For example, at a women’s college every governing office is held by a woman. Recent studies reportedly show this leadership continues after college. The studies show that American women who went to women’s colleges are more likely to hold successful jobs later in life.
1.Some women’s colleges decided to accept men students because_______.
A. teaching women is more difficult than teaching men
B. many young women chose to study at colleges with both men and women
C. study with men is more challenged.
D. women and men can have equal chances of competition.
2.From the passage we know that_______.
A. more and more women’s colleges are being established now
B. more and more women like to study in colleges with both men and women
C. there are more women’s colleges than colleges with both men and women in the USA
D. it is better for American women to study in women’s colleges
3.According to this passage, if a woman wants to hold successful jobs, she’d better_______.
A. study in colleges with both men and women
B. study in Trinity College
C. learn from the president of Smith College
D. study in women’s colleges
4.Most of women’s colleges were established_______.
A. to give women the education they could not receive anywhere else.
B. to separate women from men.
C. to offer women special chances for work.
D. to help women have more study opportunities.
When you turn on the radio, you hear an advertisement. When you watch television, you hear and see an advertisement. If you turn the pages of a newspaper or magazine, again you find an advertisement. If you walk down the street, you see one advertising board after another. All day, every day, people who want to sell you something compete to catch your attention. As a result, advertisements are almost everywhere.
In the West, advertisements are the fuel that makes mass media work. Many TV stations, newspapers, magazines, radio stations are privately owned. The government does not give them money. So where does the money come from? From advertisements. Without advertisements, there would not be these private businesses.
Have you ever asked yourself what advertising is? Through the years, people have given different answers to the question. For some time it was felt that advertising was a means of “keeping your name before the public”. And some people thought that advertising was “truth well told”. Now more and more people describe it in this way: Advertising is the paid , nonpersonal, and usually persuasive description of goods, services and ideas by identified sponsors(出资者) through various media.
First, advertising is usually paid for. Various sponsors pay for the advertisements we see, read, and hear over the various media. Second, advertising is nonpersonal. It is not face to face communication. Although you may feel that a message in a certain advertisement is aimed directly at you. In reality, it is directed at large groups of people. Third, advertising is usually persuasive. Directly or indirectly it tells people to do something. All advertisements try to make people believe that the product, idea, or service advertised can do good to them. Fourth, the sponsor of the advertisement must be identified. From the advertisement, we can see if the sponsor is a company, or an organization, or an individual. Fifth, advertising reaches us through traditional and nontraditional mass media. Included in the traditional media are newspapers, magazines, radio, television, and films. Nontraditional media includes the mail, matchbox covers and billboards.
1.According to the passage, who are most probably paying for the advertisements?
A. Companies. B. Organizations. C. Individuals. D. All of the above.
2.The existence of the privately owned mass media depends financially on______.
A. the government B. their owners’ families C. advertisements
D. the audience
3.Which of the following is considered nontraditional mass media?
A. Newspapers B. The mail C. Magazines D. Films
4.According to the passage, which of the following statements about the features of advertisements is NOT true?
A. Advertising must be honest and amusing.
B. Advertising is meant for large groups of people.
C. Advertising tells people to do something directly or indirectly.
D. The sponsors are always mentioned in the advertisements.
I was in a department store with my mom, aunt, and my sister a few days ago. 36, I am one of those people who do not like to go shopping with my family. However, I decided this time to 37 them.
My aunt and I were 38 for some things to buy for our family when I noticed two 39 on the side. One of them had a little girl sitting on it with her 40 nearby and the other one was 41. So, I decided to sit down. While I was 42 my own thing there, I 43 that the family were not in front of the 44 anymore. I saw the girl 45 and look around for her family. She came back and I saw her in 46, crying.
I knew that she 47 her family and was all by herself. Now, I am sure that almost everybody has been lost in a department store or 48 big before and we all know that feeling. 49 I went up to her and asked what was 50 and in between tears she told me she was lost. I 51 her a smile card I just bought. You should have seen the 52 on her face when she read it. Then I went up to customer service center and 53 them what happened. People there promised to 54 her. After I left, the little girl’s parents went there and I could see them looking around for the person who had found their daughter and given her the 55. Little did they know it was a regular teenager who did it.
1.A. Luckily B. Usually C. Sadly D. Surprisingly
2. A. help B. encourage C. join D. support
3.A. answering B. calling C. preparing D. looking
4.A. chairs B. children C. signs D. toys
5.A. friends B. book C. family D. bags
6. A. clean B. large C. empty D. beautiful
7.A. studying B. carrying C. buying D. doing
8. A. noticed B. believed C. doubted D. understood
9. A. shop B. girl C. gift D. lady
10.A. get up B. come up C. give up D. make up
11. A. return B. detail C. vain D. tears
12. A. hated B. lost C. raised D. lived
13. A. somewhere B. something C. everywhere D. everything
14.A. If B. As C. So D. Or
15. A. important B. wrong C. strange D. different
16.A. lent B. gave C. sent D. posted
17.A. smile B. hope C. puzzle D. worry
18.A. reminded B. warned C. asked D. told
19.A. look out for B. take care of C. wait for D. call up
20.A. courage B. money C. card D. explanation
—Go for a picnic this weekend, ok?
—______. I love getting close to nature.
A.I don’t think so B. I’m afraid not C. I believe not D. I couldn’t agree more
They wanted to charge ＄5,000 for the car, _____ we managed to bring the price down.
A. but B. so C. when D. since
