The effects of rapid travel on the body are actually far more disturbing than we realize. Jet Lag is not a psychological consequence of having to readjust to a different time zone. It is due to changes in the body’s physiological regulatory mechanisms, specifically the hormonal systems, in a different environment.
Now that we understand what Jet Lag is, we can go some way to overcome it. A great number of the body’s events are scheduled to occur at a certain time of day. Naturally these have to be regulated, and there are two regulatory systems which interact.
One timing system comes from the evidence of our senses and stomachs, and the periodicity we experience when living in a particular time zone. The other belongs in our internal clocks (the major one of which may be physically located in a part of the brain called the suprachiasmatic nucleus) which, left alone, would tie the body to a 25-hour rhythm. Normally the two timers are in step, and the surroundings tend to regularize the internal clocks to the more convenient 24-hour period.
If, however, you move the whole body to a time zone which is four hours different, the two clocks will be out of step, like two alarm clocks which are normally set together, but which have been reset a few hours apart. Whereas the two clocks would normally sound their alarms together, now they ring at different times. Similarly, the body can be set for evening while the sun is rising.
In time the physiological system will reset itself, but it does take time. One easily monitored rhythm is palm sweating. A man flown to a time zone different by 10 hours will take eight days to readjust his palm sweat. Blood pressure, which is also rhythmical, takes four days to readjust.
What can we do about it? It is not feasible to wait four days until the body is used to the new time zone. Fortunately there is a short cut. It relies on two things-the power of the stomach to regulate the timing of other events, and the pharmacological actions of coffee. The basic assumptions are:
Coffee delays the body clock in the morning, and advances it at night. Coffee at mid-afternoon is neutral. Protein in meals stimulates wakefulness, while carbohydrates promote sleep. Putting food into an empty stomach helps synchronize the body clock.
46. What is jet lag associated with?
A. Psychological change. B. Physiological change.
C. Inexperience of rapid travel. D. Unfamiliar environment.
47. What helps us to adjust to a 24-hour rhythm?
A. Alarm clock. B. Suprachiasmatic nucleus in our brain.
C. Signals from outside of the body. D. Our senses and stomachs.
48. What do we know from the fifth paragraph?
A. A person moving to a different time zone will suffer from high blood pressure.
B. A person moving to a different time zone will sweat a lot.
C. Moving to a different time zone will affect both palm sweat and blood pressure.
D. If the rhythm of blood pressure and palm sweat are not in step, there will be jet lag.
49. What should we do if we want to stay awake?
A. To take coffee at three o’clock in the afternoon.
B. To have meals that contain lots of protein.
C. To have some carbohydrate drinks.
D. To stop putting food into our stomach.
50. How can we cure jet lag?
A. To sleep for days. B. To wait for self-recovery.
C. To drink tea. D. To get something to eat.
Ⅲ. 阅读（共两节， 满分40分）
第一节：阅读理解（共15题；每小题2分，满分30分）
Anyone who is addicted to reading bus tickets or cereal packets will understand the appeal of poems on the underground. Some years ago, a few acquaintances who lived and worked in London , who used the Tube and loved poetry, decided that it would be pleasant to read a few lines by their favorite poets as they traveled around by Tube, instead of just glancing upwards at the tiresome advertisements. The underground had a surplus (剩余的)of advertising space on the trains. They suggested filling the blank space on the trains, for the entertainment of the traveling public.
The poems took on a new life when they were removed from books and placed alongside the adverts. Commuters enjoyed the idea of reading Keats’“Much have I traveled in the realms of gold” on a crowded Central Line train, or trying to learn by heart a sonnet between Hammersmith and Piccadilly. The choice of poems wasn’t arbitrary （随机的）but specially chosen. It catered for all tastes including living and dead poems from the homeland and from all over the English-speaking world, and especially poems which have association with London.
The success of the poems on the underground enterprises confirmed that Britain was a nation of poetry lovers. Hundreds of people corresponded with London Underground suggesting poems, or just to say thank you. In January 1989, on the third anniversary after the first poems on the Underground, London Underground promised to donate all the spaces free, to increase the number available (at least one poem in each train carriage), and to pay for the production costs as well. They also updated the poems every few months. Posters of the poems decorated the British Council libraries throughout the world, but the best way to view the poems is to see them by yourselves, on whichever train you choose, in every zone of the network—for the price of an underground ticket.
41.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. Shelly and Keat’s Poems
B. The Poems on the Underground
C. Travelling on the Tube in London
D. The Poems about London
42.The poems were _________.
A. removed from books and placed in empty advertising spaces
B. taken from throughout the English-speaking world and chosen to please everyone
C. including poems about London by Shelly, Burns, Keats and by the commuters themselves
D. meant to be read aloud and learnt by heart
43. Which is the closest in meaning to “association”?
A.Connection. B.Difference. C.Similarity. D.Comparison.
44. The best place to see the poem is ________.
A. in any train on the network
B. in libraries around the world
C. in trains on the Central Line and between Hammersmith and Piccadilly
D. in some carriage anywhere on the network
45. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage above?
A. People who like reading bus tickets advocate poems on the underground .
B. Spaces which were used for advertisements are now completely occupied by poems on the tube.
C. You can appreciate the poems you like at the cost of only a tube ticket in London.
D. The success of the poems on the underground indicates people’s love for the tube of London.
第二节：语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
One of the major holiday shopping days is the day after Thanksgiving. It is frequently referred to 31 Black Friday. The use of the word “black” relates to the business accountants. Storekeepers used to record profits in black ink and losses in red ink. So 32 (be) “in the black” on the Friday after Thanksgiving means a good thing, a return to profit.
Black Friday is the big day for many retailers, and it presents the shopper an opportunity 33 (get) all of one’s holiday shopping done at once among amazing sale prices. On that day, most retailers 34 (open) very early and usually provide massive and 35 (attract) discounts on their product, 36 a great number of holiday shoppers will get an early start in the morning to begin Christmas shopping.
Black Friday 37 means that people face crowded stores, 38 is the other idea of a “Black Friday”, 39 day they do not like. It used to be 40 (busy) shopping day of a year. Many people avoid this shopping day altogether because of the stress involved in fighting the crowds. In recent years the Saturday before Christmas has seen the biggest shopping crowds.
第一节: 完形填空 （共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）
In the United States, students need more than good grades to impress teachers and employers. They also need to 21 social and practical experience. Many students do this by 22 clubs. These clubs can be related to academics or recreation, everything from math to chess and music.
Students 23 seek internships(实习) and jobs. Internships usually do not pay, but they help students learn more about a 24 that interests them. For example, students who are interested in politics 25 to work on a local politician's campaign.
Students are often taking stress. They are 26 running from class to club, to community service, to internship, to Starbucks and 27 to class again and again and again. These experiences also give students 28 contacts inside a particular industry. They often get letters of recommendation and win more employment 29 . However, extracurricular responsibilities can affect students' 30 in the classroom. If they are not very organized, they can easily become lost in their schoolwork and overwhelmed with pressure.
21. A. learn B. gain C. win D. serve
22. A. attending B. opening C. contacting D. joining
23. A. also B. either C. never D. ever
24. A. subject B. society C. lesson D. field
25. A. pretend B. volunteer C. continue D. expect
26. A. fast B. busy C. active D. right
27. A. thus B. forever C. often D. then
28. A. valuable B. formal C. remote D. regular
29. A. relationship B. friendship C. opportunities D. campaign
30. A. homework B. assignment C. performance D. understanding
第二节读写任务(共1小题，满分25分)
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
Doctors say anger can be an extremely harmful emotion, unless you learn how to deal with it. They warn that angry feelings can lead to heart disease, stomach
problems, headaches, emotional problems and possibly cancer.
Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time. Some people
express anger openly in a calm, reasonable way. Others burst with anger, losing
control of themselves. But still other people control their anger. They cannot or will not express it.
Recently some doctors have found that people who express anger too often and
violently become, in fact, more and not less angry. This can cause medical problems.
Some doctors say that both controlling and expressing anger can be dangerous. They
believe that those who express anger strongly may be more likely to develop heart
disease, and they believe that those who deep their anger inside may face a greater
danger of high blood pressure.
Doctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger. They say the first
step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger, then decide if the cause is serious enough to get angry about. If it is, they say, "Do not express your anger while angry. Wait until your anger has cooled down and you are able to express yourself calmly and reasonably. "
【写作内容】
1、以约30个词概括这段短文内容；
2、然后以约120个词就“生气不好”这个主题发表你的看法，并包括以下要点：
(1)发脾气的害处；
(2)遇到不愉快的事儿时，如何避免生气；
(3)生气时，如何恰当宣泄情绪。
【写作要求】
1、可以参照阅读材料但不得直接引用原文的句子；
2、作文中不得出现真实的姓名和学校名称。
【评分标准】
概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。
第二节 信息匹配(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卷上作答。
首先，请阅读下面有关国外大学的介绍：
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A． Lowton College Situated in a pleasant area of the city close to river. Convenient for North Wales and the English Lake District. ● Courses in English run all year. ● Part-time courses available in the evenings / days. ● We will arrange accommodation with an English family. |
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B． Bristow College The college is in the centre of Bristow. ● Full-time courses at all levels, beginners to advanced, from September to June. ● Visits arranged to places of interest. ● Excellent range of sports offered. ● Students arrange their own accommodation in flats and houses. |
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C．Shepton College Situated in the centre of London close to underground and buses. ● Classes are offered all through the year. ● Daytime English courses up to ten hours per week. Evening classes of four hours per week. ● Extra classes offered in English for Business. ● Accommodation in the college. |
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D． Howe College |
The college is in the city centre, but near the North Yorkshire countryside and the sea.
● Classes run from September to June.
● Part-time and full-time courses from beginners to advanced (daytime only).
● Full-time courses in English with Business Studies.
● Trips arranged to places of interest.
● Help in finding a flat or room by the sea.
E. Daunston College
Daunston is a small town in the Midlands near pleasant countryside.
● Part-time and full-time classes available from September to June.
● Full-time summer school in August.
● Complete beginners (part-time only).
● Trips and other social events arranged regularly.
● Accommodation in the college or with families.
F. Exford College
Exford is beside the sea and surrounded by beautiful countryside.
● Courses at all levels, September to June (full-time).
● Summer schools (mornings only) during August.
● Full social programme including sports and hobby clubs provided by the
college.
● Students live in college rooms or with families.
请阅读以下求学者的信息，然后匹配求学者和他／她理想的大学：
56. Marta wants a course in Business Studies and English, starting in September. She would prefer to be in a city, but wants a college which will organize visits, so she can see something of Britain.
57. John is a complete beginner. He wants to have plenty of free time to visit the countryside. He wants to live with a family.
58. Laura is looking for a full-time beginners' course. She is fond of sports and wants to stay with a family.
59. Marek likes big cities. He hopes to find work during the day, so he is looking for an evening class. He also wants to have classes for business. He wants to live in the college.
60. Birgit knows some English already and wants a full-time course. She doesn't want to live in the school and she wants to rent a flat.
