A study published Monday found that people who sleep less tend to be fat, and experts said it’s time to find out if more sleep will fight fatness.
“We’ve put so much emphasis on diet and exercise that we've failed to recognize the value of good sleep,” said Fred Turek, a physician at Northwestern University.
Monday’s study from Eastern Virginia Medical School in Norfolk covered 1,000 people and found that total sleep time decreased as body mass index - a measure of weight based on height - increased.
Men slept an average of 27 minutes less than women and overweight and fat patients slept less than patients with normal weights, it said. In general the fatter subjects slept about 1.8 hours a week less than those with normal weights.
“Americans experience insufficient sleep and fat bodies. Clinicians are aware of the burden of fatness on patients,” the study said.
“Our findings suggest that major extensions of sleep time may not be necessary, as an extra 20 minutes of sleep per night seems to be associated with a lower body mass index,” it added.
“We caution that this study does not establish a cause-and-effect relationship between restricted sleep and fatness (but) investigations indicating success in weight loss via extensions of sleep would help greatly to set up such a relationship.”
The study was published in the Archives of Internal Medicine along with an editorial by Turek and Northwestern colleague Joseph Bass commenting on it and related research.
In an interview, Turek said some studies have shown sleep causes declines in an appetite suppressing protein hormone, and increases in another hormone that causes a longing for food. In addition neuropathies（神经疗法）in the brain governing sleep and fatness appear to overlap（重叠）, he said.
Patness has been rising dramatically in developed countries and reached epidemic（流行病） levels in the United States, it added, leading to a variety of health problems.
66. What’s the passage mainly about?
A. People who sleep less tend to get fat.
B. Fat people need lots of sleep to lose weight.
C. Sleeping has nothing to do with fatness.
D. Fatness has been rising dramatically in developed countries.
67. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
A. Lack of sleep causes declines in a desire limiting protein hormone.
B. Americans experience sufficient sleep and fat bodies.
C. The findings suggest that major extensions of sleep time may be necessary.
D. Fatness has been rising dramatically in America.
68. Which of the following is NOT close to the underlined word suppress?
A. limit B. restrict C. accept D. control
69. According to the passage, which of the following people is the lowest possible one to get fatness?
A. Americans B. Chinese C. Japanese D. English
70. We can conclude the attitude of the author is according to the passage.
A. worried B. uninterested C. critical D. optimistic
Authorities did not release（公布）the gunman’s name, but Peters said he had no record of police contact or an arrest record while attending Northern Illionois.
DeKalb county coroner（验尸官）Dennis J. Miller on Friday released the identities of the four victims who died in the county: Daniel Parmenter, 20, of Westchester; Catalina Garcia, 20, of Cicero; RyanneMace, 19, of Carpenters-ville; and Julianna Gehant, 32, of Meridan.
“Two other victims died after being transferred to hospitals in other counties,” Miller said. Witnesses said the gunman, dressed in black and wearing a stocking cap, emerged from behind a screen on the stage of 200-seat Cole Hall and opened fire just as the class was about to end around 3 pm.
Officials said 162 students were registered for the class but it was unkown how many were there on Thursday.
Allyse Jerome, 19, a sophomore（大二学生）from Shunmburg, said the gunman burst through a stage door and pulled out a gun.
“Honestly, at first everyone thought it was a joke,” Jerome said. Everyone hit the floor, she said. Then she got up and ran, but tripped. She said she felt like “an open target.”
“He could’ve decided to get me,” Jerome said on Friday. “I thought for sure he was gonna get me.”
Lauren Carr said she was sitting in the third row when she saw the shooter walk through a door on the right-hand side of the stage, pointing a gun straight ahead.
“I personally Army-crawled halfway up the aisle（通道）,” said Carr, a 20-year-old sophomore. “I said I could get up and run or I could die here.”
She said a student in front of her was bleeding, “but he just kept running.”
More than a hundred students cried and hugged as they gathered outside the Phi Kappa Alpha house early Friday morning to remember Dan Parmenter, who was one of those killed.
56. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. Everyone thought it was a joke when the gunman appeared in front of them.
B. Peters had no record of police contact or an arrest record while attending Northern Illionois.
C. 162 students were attending a lecture when the gunman emerged from behind the screen.
D. The gunman opened fire as soon as the class came to an end.
57. How many people were shot to death according to the passage?
A. 4 B. 6 C. 8 D. 162
58. The following are not witnesses except .
A. Peters B. Dennis J. MillerC. Dan Parmenter D. Lauren Carr
59. What was the first thing that Jerome did when she saw the gunman?
A. She got up and ran out of the room.
B. She hit the floor.
C. She burst through a stage door and pulled out a gun.
D. She tripped and became an “open target”.
60. What is the best title of the passage?
A. Witnesses Tell of Horrible Experience B. A Cruel Shooter
C. 162 Killed in an Accident D. An Unkown Gunman
完型填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36—55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上涂黑。
As a physician who travels quite a lot, I spend a lot of time on planes listening for that dreaded “Is there a doctor on board?” announcement. I’ve been 36 only once-for a woman who had merely fainted. But the 37 made me quite curious about how 38 this kind of thing happens. I wondered what I would do if 39 with a real mid-air medical emergency-without access 40 a hospital staff and the usual emergency equipment. So 41 the New England Journal of Medicine last week 42 a study about in-flight medical events, I 43 it with interest.
The study estimated that there are a(n) 44 of 30 in-flight medical emergencies on U.S. flights every day. Most of them are not 45 ; fainting and dizziness are the most frequent complaints. 46 13% of them-roughly four a day-are serious enough to 47 a pilot to change course. The most common of the serious emergencies 48 heart trouble, strokes, and difficult breathing.
Let’s face it: plane rides are 49 . For starters, cabin pressures at high altitudes are set at roughly 50 they would be if you lived at 5,000 to 8,000 feet above sea level. Most people can tolerate these pressures pretty 51 , but passengers with heart disease 52 experience chest pains as a result of the reduced amount of oxygen flowing through their blood. 53 common in-flight problem is deep venous thrombosis（血栓）-the so-called economy class syndrome（综合症）. 54 happens, don’t panic. Things are getting better on the in-flight emergency front. Thanks to more recent legislation（立法）, flights with at 55 one attendant are starting to install emergency medical equipments to treat heart attacks.
36. A. called B. informed C. addressed D. surveyed
37. A. accident B. incident C. condition D. disaster
38. A. soon B. many C. long D. often
|
39. A. met B. identified C. treated D. provided
40. A. for B. by C. to D. through
41. A. before B. when C. since D. while
42. A. collected B. discovered C. conducted D. published
43. A. consulted B. read C. consumed D. considered
44. A. amount B. sum C. average D. number
45. A. significant B. common C. heavy D. serious
46. A. For B. But C. And D. So
47. A. require B. engage C. inspire D. command
48. A. include B. imply C. confine D. contain
49. A. enjoyable B. favorable C. peaceful D. stressful
50. A. who B. which C. what D. that
51. A. mentally B. easily C. neatly D. naturally
52. A. ought to B. used to C. may D. need
53. A. Any B. Other C. One D. Another
54. A. Whatever B. Whenever C. Whichever D. Wherever
55. A. most B. least C. worst D. best
The farmer used wood to build a house to store grain.
|
A．with which |
B．in which |
C．which |
D．where |
According to the periodic table, still some elements undiscovered.
|
A．there seem to be |
B．it seems to be |
C．it seems that |
D．here seem |
Calculations, which are astronomically exact, have been made with the use of computers.
|
A．possible |
B．it possible |
C．possibly |
D．to be possible |
