Grown-ups know that people and objects are solid. At the movies, we know that if we reach out to touch Tom Cruise, all we will feel is air. But does a baby have this understanding?
To see whether babies know objects are solid, T. Bower designed a method for projecting an optical illusion of a hanging ball. His plan was to first give babies a real ball, one they could reach out and touch, and then to show them the illusion. If they knew that objects are solid and they reached out for the illusion and found empty air, they could be expected to show surprise in their faces and movements. All the 16 to 24-week-old babies tested were surprised when they reached for the illusion and found that the ball was not there.
Grown-ups also have a sense of object permanence. We know that if we put a box in a room and lock the door, the box will still be there when we come back. But does a baby realize that a ball that rolls under a chair does not disappear and go to never-never land?
Experiments done by Bower suggest that babies develop a sense of object permanence when they are about 18 weeks old. In his experiments, Bower used a toy train that went behind a screen. When 16-week-old and 22-week-old babies watched the toy train disappear behind the left side of the screen, they looked to the right, expecting it to reappear. If the experimenter took the train off the table and lifted the screen, all the babies seemed surprised not to see the train. This seems to show that all the babies had a sense of object permanence. But the second part of the experiment showed that this was not really the case. The researcher substituted a ball for the train when it went behind the screen. The 22-week-old babies seemed surprised and looked back to the left side for the train. But the 16-week-old babies did not seem to notice the switch. Thus, the 16-week-old babies seemed to have a sense of “something permanence, while the 22-week-old babies had a sense of object permanence related to a particular object.
1.The passage is mainly about _____.
A. babies’ sense of sight
B. effects of experiments on babies
C. babies’ understanding of objects
D. different tests on babies’ feelings
2. In Paragraph 3, “object permanence” means that when out of sight, an object ________.
A. still exists B. keeps its shape
C. still stays solid D. is beyond reach
3.What did Bower use in his experiments?
A. A chair. B. A screen. C. A film. D. A box.
4.Which of the following statements is true?
A. The babies didn’t have a sense of direction.
B. The older babies preferred toy trains to balls.
C. The younger babies liked looking for missing objects.
D. The babies couldn’t tell a ball from its optical illusion.
The words “timetable” and “schedule” make most final year students want to eat their own vomit. Unfortunately, the harsh reality is that final year students must develop a timetable. If you don’t have a schedule or plan for studying, you will have no way of allocating your valuable time when the unexpected arises. A well-thought-out timetable can be a lifesaver. It is up to you to learn how to develop a schedule that meets your needs. Change it if necessary, but most important, follow it . All timetables should be made with the idea that they can be changed. A good one will keep you from wandering off course.
A good timetable should make every hour count—every class ,social event and other activity you engage in .You must focus on the other “free time” available and how you will use it .Make a weekly schedule and divided each day into one-hour increments. Indicate times for classes, socializing, and work time. Also block off a period for sleeping every day. In the precious hours left over, plan time for study. This gives you a rough road map of the time available. Of course, you can change your schedule as circumstances need.
The timetable you develop should guide you in how to distribute the available time in the most productive manner. Sticking to your schedule can be tough, but don’t dribble away valuable time. Avoiding study is the easiest thing in the world. It is up to you to follow the schedule you’ve prepared. A good deal of your success in high school and with any future study depends on this simple truth.
Remember, there is a learning curve. You learn the most in the first 30 minutes of study; after that, it progressively deteriorates. After four or five hours of studying the same material in the same way, you are learning virtually nothing. The solution is to keep switching subjects and study styles.
1.What is the best title of the passage?
A. Advantages of starting a timetable
B. Keep to it, and you will succeed
C. Make a schedule, and follow it
D. Learn to love your timetable
2.What does Paragraph 2 talk about?
A. Tips for making a schedule.
B. Significance of a scientific timetable.
C. Requirements for making a timetable.
D. Importance of following one’s schedule.
3.The following are characteristics of a good timetable EXCEPT that .
A. it can be changed B. it is flexible
C. it is of many periods D. it can save our time
4. From this passage, we can learn if we wish to achieve high learning efficiency, we’d better .
A. shift subjects and use different methods regularly
B. devote to the same material continuously
C. turn to teachers for help if necessary
D. have a break every thirty minutes
You feel happiest when you create a healthy balance between giving and receiving. If you give and give without making time to fill your own needs, then it’s likely you will burn out, or feel upset .When you take and take without giving anything back, you never feel fulfilled, so you are always searching for ways to fill the void in your life.
The way to create a healthy balance between giving and receiving is to know and then live by your values. I break values up into two groups which I call being and having values. Your being values are the character traits of the ideal person you would like to be. I suggest to my clients that they choose three being values that they are willing to make a commitment to live by. An example of some being values are: kind, loving, generous, inspirational, peaceful, wise and even powerful. By acting on these values you give to others through your actions and you inspire others by being a positive role model. Mastering being these character traits becomes your life purpose.
Your having values are the feelings you need to create in order to be happy. These could be companionship, achievement, support, being valued or financial security. This is what you receive. You take responsibility for filling your own needs by taking steps to create these feelings and conditions in your life.
When you make a commitment to live by your being values, it becomes easier to make conscious choices rather than reactionary ones. If your usual pattern is to talk about your problems, you could choose to think and act like a calm person. A calm person might go for a walk, meditate, or set a time limit before responding. If your usual pattern is to worry, you could choose to act like a responsible or wise person. In other words, you would act like the person you choose to be—this is the key to personal power.
When you choose to act on your values, you not only feel good about yourself, you reinforce your chosen beliefs. Over time acting in this way changes how you see the world, and in turn the way other people think of you.
1.The main purpose of this passage is to .
A. persuade the readers to make a commitment
B. explain to the readers what personal values are
C. inform the readers how to be truly happy
D. instruct the readers how to make wise choices
2. According to the text, living by your being values, you would .
A. gain a lot of power B. form positive personality
C. seek all human virtues D. fill your own needs
3.The underlined word “void” in Paragraph 1 means .
A. a feeling of emptiness B. an absence of one’s mind
C. a break of continuity D. a state of confusion
4.What can be inferred from the text?
A. Having values are better than being values.
B. A calm person does not choose to complain.
C. The way other people think of you decides who you are.
D. A responsible person does not care about financial security.
My teacher held up a piece of broken glass and asked，“Who broke this window?” Thirty boys tried to think about not only what they had done，but also what our teacher may have found out．She seldom became angry，but she was this time．
“Oh，” I thought．I was the one who broke the window．It was caused by a naughty throw of a baseball．If I admitted guilt，I would be in a lot of trouble．How would I be able to pay for a big window like that? I didn’t even get an allowance. “My father is going to have a fit，”I thought．I didn’t want to raise my hand，but some force much stronger than I was pulled it skyward．I told the truth. “I did it.” It was hard enough to say what I had．
My teacher took down a book from one of our library shelves and I had never known my teacher to strike a student，but I feared she was going to start with me. “I know how you like birds,” she said as she stood looking down at my guilt-ridden face．“Here is that field guide about birds that you are constantly checking out. It is yours now．It’s time we got a new one for the school anyway．You will not be punished as long as you remember that I am not rewarding you for your misdeed, I am rewarding you for your truthfulness.” I couldn’t believe it! I wasn’t being punished and I was getting my own bird field guide--the very one that I had been saving up money to buy.
All that remains of that day is my memory and the lesson my teacher taught me. That lesson stays with me every day and it will echo forever.
1.From the story, we can learn that the boy.
A. didn’t break the window on purpose.
B. lacked the strength to admit his guilt.
C. tried to think about what he had done.
D. didn’t know what the teacher would find out.
2. If the boy admitted guilt, he thought he would NOT .
A. be punished by the teacher B. make his father angry
C. pay for the broken window D. get a bird field guide
3. Which of the following best describes the changes in the boy’s feelings?
A. Afraid-Surprised-Thankful B. Frightened-Amazed-Proud.
C. Regretful-Guilty-Excited. D. Nervous-Afraid-Satisfied.
Last Sunday turned out to be more exciting than I had expected. We were at our grandparents’ house for a visit as 31 . My cousin and I had made an appointment to go in-line skating in the nearby park. He could do some neat stunts (特技)and had promised to show me 32 .
We managed to persuade our parents to 33 us go in-line skating on our own. 34 it soon started to rain and we had to seek shelter on the empty deck (place) of a block of flats. It really dampened my 35 .
Suddenly, we heard a 36 and saw a man dashing out of a lift. Just as he ran 37 us, we saw an old woman coming out of the same lift and crying, “Thief! Thief!” My cousin immediately went after the thief in his 38 . To be honest, I was extremely 39 at the beginning .Then I heard a honk. It was my uncle and aunt. I jumped into their car and told them about the robbery. We 40 off in the thief’s direction while my aunt stayed with the old woman.
Soon, we 41 up with my cousin. He was still in hot pursuit of the thief. Seeing his 42 , my uncle sped up and turned suddenly to the right to 43 just in front of the thief. The man was 44 and fell to the ground. My uncle got out of the car and 45 the man down with his body.
By this time, we could hear the siren of a police car approaching, 46 , my aunt had phoned the police and told them the 47 in which we were heading, so they were able to locate us .
We handed the thief over to the police officers who took down our names and 48 . They informed us that we would be called up to give our 49 . After that, we returned to the empty deck in our uncle’s car to 50 my aunt up .
When we reached there, the old woman had already left to give a report to the police. Our family members were all proud of us for our courageous deed.
1.A．known B．usual C．well D．far
2.A．what B．that C．where D．how
3.A．make B．have C．let D．see
4.A．And B．But C．As D．So
5.A．spirits B．ideas C．intentions D．imaginations
6.A．scream B．noise C．story D．news
7.A．after B．over C．past D．to
8.A．place B．boots C．clothes D．skates
9.A．proud B．frightened C．brave D．excited
10.A．sped B．put C．ran D．took
11.A．looked B．kept C．picked D．caught
12.A．luck B．chance C．risk D．hope
13.A．stand B．move C．stop D．stay
14.A．tired B．anxious C．confused D．shocked
15.A．pinned B．pulled C．threw D．broke
16.A．Surprisingly B．Obviously C．Certainly D．Immediately
17.A．park B．place C．situation D．direction
18.A．problems B．pictures C．particulars D．possessions
19.A．statements B．decisions C．suggestions D．protections
20.A．take B．get C．pick D．lift
--Monitor?
--- I’m not monitor of our class. I __ with the teacher until the monitor is elected.
A. will just help B. am just to help
C. am just helping D. have just helped
