The whole body is covered with skin.The surface of the skin is dead(like the hair and the nails),but it is made from a living layer(层)just under the surface.The outside dead layers wear off(磨损)all the time,with new ones replacing them,and the body forms a totally new skin every three weeks.
The skin protects the body from the outside world and it passes information from the outside.It helps to keep water in the body and to keep the body at the same temperature.Becteria(细菌)can’t get in through the skin unless it is damaged.
If the weather is cold,the blood vessels(血管)in the skin squeeze down,or contract(收缩),so that as little blood as possible comes near the surface.This means that less warmth is lost to the outside.This makes the skin look pale,or even “blue”.At the same time,the hairs on the skin are pulled upright by tiny muscles.
When it is hot,the blood vessels expand(扩大),or get wider again,to allow plenty of blood to run near the surface of the skin.This helps the body to lose heat,and the skin may look red.At the same time,the sweat glands(汗腺)produce more sweat,which cools the skin.
If your skin has ever been numb(麻木的),you will realize how important the feeling from the skin is.Nerves(神经)in the skin are sensitive(敏感的)to heat and cold,sharpness,hardness and softness,wetness and dryness and pain.If one is not able to feel these things,which can act as warnings,he is likely to be burned,cut or hurt in other ways.
The colour of the skin depends on special colour cells(细胞).These are just below the top layers of the skin.They are needed as protection from some harmful ray of the sun.The stronger the sun is,the more important it is to have a dark skin.People with pale skins may “tan”(晒黑)in the sun.This happens when the body produces extra colour cells in the skin for protection.In the sun,the skin produces a vitamin(vitamin D)which is needed for strong bones.
1.Which of the following statements is NOT true?
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A．Our hair and nails are dead like the surface of the skin. |
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B．There is skin all over our body. |
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C．The skin of our bodies will be completely different in three weeks. |
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D．The surface of the skin is made of a living layer. |
2.The second paragraph mainly tells us about______.
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A．the functions of the skin |
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B．the information from the outside |
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C．the water in the body |
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D．the temperature of the body |
3.Bacteria will get in through the skin______.
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A．when one’s skin is numb |
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B．when one is ill |
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C．when the skin is cut |
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D．when the sweat glands produce more sweat |
4.When the weather is cold,the skin will contract in order to______.
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A．allow more blood near |
B．make the skin look blue |
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C．keep warmth |
D．help the body lose heat |
5.The colour of the skin is determined by______.
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A．the rays of the strong sun |
B．colour cells |
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C．top layers of the skin |
D．vitamin D |
阅读理解（共20小题; 每小题2分,满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
I felt encouraged by his words and began to swim more calmly.But my clothes stuck to me like a heavy weight.I could hardly stay above the surface.
Counsel saw this.“Shall I cut them?”he asked.
With a knife he cut my clothes from top to bottom and took them of quickly while I swam for both of us.
Then I did the same for Counsel,and we continued to swim near each other.
But we were in serious trouble.The crew（船员）might not have noticed our disappearance.
And if they had,they could not return because the rudder（舵）had broken.Counsel thought of all this,and calmly made his plans.We decided to wait for the ship as long as possible,because we had no other hope of safety.I suggested that we save our strength so that both of us would not be tired out at the same time.This was how we did it:While one of us lay on his back,quite still,with arms crossed and legs stretched out（伸直）,the other would swim and push him along.We changed every ten minutes or so.In this way we could swim for hours,perhaps till daylight.The crash（破裂声）of the ship and the whale（鲸）had appeared at about eleven o’clock.We had about eight hours to swim before daylight.This seemed possible,if the sea remained calm.
1.What happened to the man who told the story?
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A．He and his companion got into the water to test their strength. |
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B．He jumped into the water to save the broken rudder. |
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C．He was knocked into the water by his enemy. |
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D．He was thrown into the sea when the ship struck a whale. |
2.Why did the two men cut their clothes?
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A．Because no people helped them to take off their clothes. |
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B．Because they couldn’t take off their clothes on the sea. |
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C．Because they wanted to get rid of their clothes quickly. |
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D．Because they wanted to lifebuoys（救生圈）with their clothes. |
3.What does the word “still” in the last paragraph mean?
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A．not moving |
B．even |
C．yet |
D．however |
4.n order to save their strength,______.
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A．one of them pushed the other while swimming and then they changed |
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B．they both swam calmly |
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C．they crossed their arms and stretched their legs on the water |
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D．they lay on their backs instead of swimming |
5.Which one of the following is true?
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A．Neither of the two men was good swimmers. |
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B．The sea was calm before eleven o’clock that night. |
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C．The story took place at night. |
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D．The two men had to swim eight hours to catch up with the ship. |
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从短文后所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Reginald Andrews had been out of work for more than a year．This 36 father of five children had deeply known his 37 of family heartaches．A few years earlier, his sister Kedra had been shot in the 38 by a young man who robbed the place where she was working．The young man was caught, but Kedra 39 her sight．As a result of his sister’s 40 , Mr．Andrews cared about blind people.
On December 20, 2001, Mr．Andrews was waiting for a train in New York City．The train pulled into the station and stopped．Andrews was getting ready to get 41 the train when something 42 happened．An old blind man, who had 43 the space between two carriages for a door while 44 his way with a stick, suddenly fell 45 the train．Seeing this, Andrews quickly jumped down to the tracks and 46 the blind man to safety．He 47 all the people on the spot with his courage．The news rapidly 48 all over the country．Messages began to pour in．Some people 49 sent money and food to Andrews.
Andrews had been at the station 50 he was returning from a job talk．He probably would have been hired, and the public praise made it a 51 thing.
Andrews, however, received 52 attention from the public after about a week of newspaper stories and active 53 to his family．Although most people supposed that the story had come to a happy end, it didn’t quite happen that way．Andrews 54 start his new job, but the factory moved to New Jersey．Andrews didn’t have any way to get to work, so he had to leave．It wasn’t long before he was 55 to job hunting again．Few newspapers, however, would tell their readers what happened to Mr．Andrews after he became a hero.
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You can take ____ you like here.
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A．which |
B．no matter what |
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C．whatever |
D．anything of which |
It is said that his carelessness ____ the terrible accident.
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A．resulted from |
B．resulted in |
C．turned out |
D．worked out |
By the time you ____ in, I ____ two letters.
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A．had come, had written |
B．came, wrote |
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C．come, have written |
D．came, had written |
