Staying positive through the cold season could be your best defense against getting ill, new study findings suggest.
In an experiment that exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus, researchers found that people with a generally sunny character were less likely to fall ill. The findings, published in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, build on evidence that a “positive emotional style” can help to protect us from suffering the common cold and other illnesses.
Researchers believe the reasons may be both objective — as in happiness improving immune function — and subjective — as in happy people being less troubled by a sore throat or runny nose. “People with a positive emotional style may have different immune responses to the virus,” explained lead study author Dr Sheldon Cohen of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. “And when they do get a cold, they may interpret their illness as being less severe.”
Cohen and his colleagues had found in a previous study that happier people seemed less likely to catch a cold, but some questions remained as to whether the emotional style itself had the effect.
For the new study, the researchers had 193 healthy adults complete standard measures of personality characteristics, self-felt health and emotional style. Those who had a tendency to be happy, energetic and easy-going were judged as having a positive emotional style, while those who were often unhappy, tense and aggressive had a negative style.
The researchers gave them nasal (鼻腔的) drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus. Over the next six days, the volunteers reported on any aches, pains or sneezing they had, while the researchers collected objective data. Cohen and his colleagues found that based on objective measures of nasal troubles, happy people were less likely to develop a cold.
1.Which is the best title for the passage? ______
A. Stay Away from Being Negative
B. Positive or Negative？It’s Up to You.
C. Emotional Style and Flu.
D. Optimistic People Likely to Keep Diseases Away.
2. According to Dr Cohen’s research, the reason why some people are unlikely to catch a cold may be that ______.
A. their cheerful mood benefits the immune system
B. they have developed a certain way against flu virus
C. they are less likely to have a sore throat and runny nose
D. they have got a stronger self-confidence in their health
3. The research is done by ______.
A. getting volunteers in one emotional group and analyzing them
B. conducting a medical experiment on volunteers of different emotional styles
C. collecting and analyzing volunteers’ objective nasal production data
D. having volunteers answer questions on personality, health and emotions
In Washington D.C., 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue is a very special address. It is the address of the White House, the home of the president of the United States.
Originally the White House was gray and was called the presidential Palace. It was built from 1792 to 1800. At this time, the city of Washington itself was being built. It was to be the nation’s new capital city. George Washington, the first president, and Pierre Charles L'Enfant, a French engineer, chose the place for the new city. L'Enfant then planned the city. The president's home was an important part of the plan.
A contest was held to pick a design for the president's home. An architect named James Hoban won. He designed a large three-story house of gray stone.
President Washington never lived in the Presidential Palace. The first president to live there was John Adams, the second president of the United States, and his wife Mrs.Adams did not really like her new house. In her letters, she often complained about the cold. Fifty fireplaces were not enough to keep the house warm.
In 1812 the United States and Britain went to war. In 1814 the British invaded Washington. They burned many buildings, including the Presidential Palace.
After the war James Hoban, the original architect, partially rebuilt the president’s home. To cover the marks of the fire, the building was painted white. Before long it became known as the White House.
The White House is one of the most popular tourist attractions in the United States. Every year more than 1.5 million visitors go through the five rooms that are open to the public.
1.The White House was built in Washington_____.
A. because a French engineer was invited to design it
B. because President George Washington liked to live in it
C. because the British invaders lived in it in1812-1814
D. because it was to be the nation’s capital city
2.The president’s home and the city of Washington were______.
A. built by the American army B. built by the British troops
C. planed by George Washington D. planned by the French
3.The original home of the president needed to be rebuilt______.
A. because John Adams’ wife did not like it
B. because it was cold in winter even with 50 fireplace
C. because it had been burned down during the war
D. because George Washington was not willing to live in it
4.The new presidential home was painted white to ______.
A. cover the marks of fire B. attract tourist from France
D. to please Mrs. John Adams D. keep it warm in winter
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36-55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项。
During the years of depression(萧条), food and money were very hard to find and people had to trade things with each other.
One day I was 36 some potatoes from Mr Miller. I noticed a small poor boy hungrily __37 a full basket of freshly picked green peas. Then I was _ 38 to see that Mr Miller sold the boy a bag of peas for just a marble (弹球).
Mrs Miller, who had been standing nearby, 39__ and told me that Mr Miller loved to trade with the three boys in the village for peas, tomatoes, and other things _40 he didn’t really need any marbles. I left the stand, smiling to myself, 41 by this man.
Several years went by. One day I learned that Mr Miller had died. I took part in the funeral(葬礼), _ 42__ three young men. They came over to Mrs Miller, hugged her, kissed her on the cheek, spoke with her and moved on, __43__ their eyes.
Our __44__ came to meet Mrs Miller. I mentioned __45_ she had told me about the __46__ . She told me, “Those three young men above were the boys I told you about. They just told me how they appreciated the things Jim ‘_ 47 _ ’with them. Now, at last, they came to pay their debt.”
“We’ve _ 48__ had a great deal of the wealth in this world,” she __49__, “but right now, Jim would consider himself to be the __50__ man.”
Then she gently lifted the _51_ fingers of her husband. Resting underneath were three red marbles.
At that time I realized that we would not be _52 by our words, but by our kind _53 _ . It is said that it takes a minute to find a _54_ person, an hour to appreciate him, a day to love him, but an entire life to _55 him.
1.A.buying B. selling C. borrowing D. hunting
2.A.reaching for B. glancing at C. staring at D. picking up
3.A. astonished B. pleased C. annoyed D. worried
4.A.turned over B. went over C. came over D. looked over
5.A.but B. otherwise C. or D. although
6.A.suspected B. impressed C. regretted D. embarrassed
7.A.discovering B. watching C. finding D. seeing
8.A.closing B. rolling C. cleaning D. wiping
9.A. time B. chance C. turn D. decision
10.A. the story B. the proverb C. the legend D. the joke
11.A. marbles B. men C. debt D. life
12.A. talked B. traded C. shared D. left
13.A. ever B. always C. never D. seldom
14.A. laughed B. cried C. sighed D. added
15.A. honest B. happiest C. coldest D. richest
16.A. lifeless B. regretless C. useless D. hopeless
17.A. thought B. touched C. remembered D. affected
18.A. deeds B. things C. remarks D. rewards
19.A. strict B. honest C. special D. learned
20.A. ignore B. forget C. recognize D. remind
— I put him down for a well-educated man.
—______ ?
— I mean that he's a well-educated man.
A. I beg your pardon B. Speak louder, will you
C. What’s that D. Will you repeat word for word
The silence of the library is sometimes broken by a sudden cough or the sound of pages______.
A. turning B. turned C. being turned D. having turned
Wang Pin is an advanced worker in our company. He _______ for four years in Yangzhou University.
A. studied B. has studied C. had studied D. has been studying
