A scientist who developed a way to calculate how much water is used in the production of anything from a cup of coffee to a hamburger was awarded the 2008 Stockholm Water Prize.
Professor John Anthony Allan of the University of London in Britain won the award for introducing the idea of “virtual water (虚拟水)”, a calculation method that has changed the nature of trade policy and research.
Allan has written seven books and published more than 100 papers.
The Stockholm International Water Institute said this idea is now embedded (埋藏) in the production of foods and industrial products. The institute said Allan’s work had made a big effect on global trade policy and research, especially in water-scarce (缺水的) regions.
“The improved understanding of trade and water management issues on local, regional and global scales are of the highest value for the successful and sustainable (可持续的) use of water resources,” it said.
“People do not only use water when they drink it or take a shower,” the institute said. “Behind the morning cup of coffee, there are 140 liters of water that was used to grow, produce, package and ship the beans.” That is about as much water as a person in England uses on average for all daily drinking and household needs.
“For a single hamburger, about 2,400 liters of water are needed. In the USA, the average person uses nearly 7,000 liters of virtual water every day.” It said that was more than three times the average use of a Chinese person.
1.Allan was awarded the prize because _______.
A. he wrote seven books on trade policy
B. he published more than 100 papers on water management
C. he found a new kind of water in water-scarce areas
D. he came up with the idea of virtual water
2.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The average American uses about 7,000 liters of water a day.
B. The average Chinese uses nearly 2,300 liters of virtual water a day.
C. An Englishman usually drinks about 140 liters of coffee a day.
D. A hamburger usually contains about 2,400 liters of water.
3.What do we learn about John Anthony Allan from the passage?
A. He won the 2008 Nobel Prize. B. He has written over 100 books.
C. He works at the University of London. D. He lives in the USA.
4.What effect does the idea of virtual water have?
A. It helps us realize the importance of trade.
B. It helps people do successful business.
C. It helps us make use of water scientifically.
D. It tells us how much water we use a day.
The manager and staff are happy to welcome you and will do all they can to make your stay an enjoyable one.
MEAL TIMES
Our overnight charge includes a continental-type breakfast.
Breakfast: 7:30—9:30 a. m.
Lunch: 12:00—2:00 p. m.
Afternoon tea: 4:00—5:30 p. m.
Dinner: 7:00—9:15 p. m.
Meals can be served in rooms at a small extra charge. We regret that meals can not be served outside these times.
Light refreshments(茶点) including tea, coffee, biscuits and sandwiches can be served in rooms between 10:00 a.m. and 11:00 p.m. except during the meal times listed above. Cold drinks are available in the room refrigerator.
ROOM CLEANING
Please hang the sign on your door handle if you do not wish to be disturbed. It will be easier for the maids if you can leave the room temporarily(暂时地) at any time between 9:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m.
VALUABLES
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DEPARTURES
Please inform receptionists(接待员) of your intended leaving before 9:30 a. m. of the day concerned and leave the room by noon to allow for its preparation for incoming guests. If necessary, luggage can be left in the charge of the hall porter(搬运工人)。
A SPECIAL REQUEST
We would respectfully suggest that in consideration of the comfort of other guests, the volume of radios and televisions should be turned down after 11:00 p. m. .
1.Meals can be served .
A．in rooms at 9:00 p.m. B．in the dining room from 7:30 a. m. to 9:15 p. m.
C．in the dining room at 6:00 p. m. D．outside the room at 3:00 p. m.
2.If you intend to leave the room tomorrow, you may leave at any of the following hours EXCEPT .
A．10:00 a. m. B．12:00 a. m. C．3:00 p. m. D．11:00 a. m.
3.Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A．Cold drinks can be found in the room refrigerator.
B．Guests are requested to turn down their radios and televisions after 11:00 p. m.
C．The sign that can be hung on the door handle shows that the room needs to be cleaned.
D．Your luggage can be kept by the hall porter.
4.Where is this notice most likely to be found?
A．In hotels. B．In the newspapers. C．At restaurants. D．In shops.
Everyone knows that the French are romantic, the Italian are fashionable and the Germans are serious. Or do they? Are these just stereotypes or is there really such a thing as national character? And if there is, can it affect how a nation succeed or fail?
At least one group of people is certain that it can. A recent survey of the top 500 entrepreneurs (实业家) in the UK found that 70 percent felt that their efforts were not appreciated by the British public .
Britain is hostile to success, they said. It has a culture of jealousy (嫉妒) . As a result, the survey said, entrepreneurs were “unloved, unwanted and misunderstood”. Jealousy is sometimes known as the “green-eyed monster” and the UK is its home. Scientists at Warwich University in the UK recently tested this idea. They gathered a group of people together and gave each an imaginary amount of money. Some were given a little, others a great deal. Those given a little money were given the chance to destroy the large amounts of money given to others—but at the cost of losing their own. Two thirds of the people tested agreed to do this.
This seems to prove the entrepreneurs were right to complain. But there is also conflicting evidence. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) recently reported that the UK was now the world’s fourth largest economy .That is not bad for people who are supposed to hate success. People in the UK also work longer hours than anyone else in Europe. So the British people are not lazy , either .
“It’s not really success that the British dislike,” says Carey Cooper, a Professor of management at the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology. “It’s people using their success in a way that seems arrogant (傲慢) or unfair or which separates them from their roots .”
Perhaps it is the entrepreneurs who are the problem. They set out to do things in their way. They work long hours. By their own efforts they become millionaires. But instead of being happy they complain that nobody loves them. It hardly seems worth following their example. If they were more friendly, people would like them more. And more people want to be like them.
1.What does the underlined “it” in the second paragraph refer to?
A．One group of people B．A great survey
C．National character D．A nation
2.Most entrepreneurs surveyed believe that
A．they are not popular simply because they are successful
B．the British public are hardworking
C．love of success is Britain’s national character
D．they are considered as “green-eyed monsters”
3.What does the result of the Warwich University test show?
A．Two thirds of the people tested didn’t love money
B．Most people would rather fail than see others succeed
C．An imaginary amount of money does not attract people
D．Most people are willing to enjoy success with others
4.The writer of the passage seems to suggest that .
A．Jealousy is Britain’s national character
B．British entrepreneurs are not fairly treated
C．the scientists are Warwich University did a successful test
D．the British dislike the entrepreneurs because they do not behave properly
Work is a part of living —my grandparents understood that. They lived and worked on a farm that has been in my family for 150 years. They raised chickens for eggs , pigs and cattle for meat . Cows were kept for milk and the cream, from which Grandma made butter and cheese. What little yard they had became a garden.
The Depression, therefore, didn’t make much change in their lives. But it did bring an unending flow of men out of work, drifting from job to job, to the farm. The first to show up at the door of the kitchen was a man in rags. He took off his hat and quietly explained that he hadn’t eaten for a while. Grandpa stood watching him a bit , then said , “There’s a stack of firewood against the fence behind the barn (谷仓). I’ve been needing to get it moved to the other side of the fence . You have just about enough time to finish the job before lunch .”
Grandma said a surprising thing happened. The man got a shine in his eyes and he hurried to the barn at once. She set another place at the table and made an apple pie. During lunch, the stranger didn’t say much, but when he left, his shoulders had straightened. “Nothing ruins a man like losing his self-respect,” Grandpa later told me.
Soon after, another man showed up asking for a meal. This one was dressed in a suit and carried a small old suitcase. Grandpa came out when he heard voices. He looked at the man and then offered a handshake.” There is a stack of firewood along the fence down behind the barn I’ve been meaning to get it moved. It’d sure be a help to me . And we’d be pleased to have you stay for lunch.” The fellow set his suitcase aside and neatly laid his coat on top. Then he set off to work.
Grandma says she doesn’t remember how many strangers they shared a meal with during those Depression days-or how many times that stack of wood got moved.
1.When he was asked to move a stack of firewood, the first man who asked for a meal got a shine in his eyes for he was glad that .
A．he had found a good job
B．he would have something to eat
C．he would no longer suffer from the Depression
D．he would get what he wanted without losing his self-respect
2.The writer’s grandfather asked those jobless men to move the stack of firewood because .
A．he didn’t want them to have a meal free of charge
B．he had been needing to get it moved
C．he wanted to help them in his own way
D．he wanted to show them his kindness and respect
3.The writer’s grandfather was all of the following but .
A．kind B．thoughtful C．wealthy D．sympathetic
4.The best title for the story would be .
A．The Depression B．The Pleasure of Helping Others
C．No Pains , No Gains D．Work-A Part of Living
In this modern world, we rush around all day, doing things, talking, sending and reading messages. We are always on, always connected, always thinking, always talking. There is no 36 for stillness.
And when we are 37 to be still because we’re in line for something, or waiting at a doctor’s appointment, or on a bus or train, we often 38 something to do. Some will play with mobile devices, other will read something. Being still isn’t something we’re 39.
This comes at a 40 : we lose that time for 41 , for observing and listening. We lose peace.
And 42 yet: sometimes too much action is worse than no action at all. You can run around crazily, but get 43 done.
Take a moment to think about 44 you spend your days. Are you constantly rushing around? Are you constantly reading and answering 45 checking on the news and the latest stream of information? Are you always 46 through your schedule?
Is this how you want to spend your 47 ? If so, peace be with you. If not, take a moment to be 48 . Don’t think about what you have to do, or what you’ve done already. 49 be in the moment.
Then after a minute or two of doing that, consider your life, and how you’d 50 it to be. See your life with less move anent, less doing, less rushing. See it with more stillness, more consideration, more 51 .
Then be that vision.
It’s pretty simple: all you have to do is sit still for a little bit each day. 52 you’re gotten used to that, try doing less each day. Breathe when you feel yourself moving too 53 . slow down. Be present. Find happiness now, in this moment, instead of 54 for it.
1.A． place B．chance C．freedom D．time
2.A．forced B．ordered C．invited D．told
3.A．have B．find C．buy D．get
4.A．familiar with B．curious about C．used to D．interested in
5.A．cost B．risk C．moment D．danger
6.A．play B．food C．sleep D．consideration
7.A．further B．worse C．farther D．deeper
8.A．everything B．anything C．nothing D．something
9.A．how B．where C．why D．whether
10.A．questions B．problems C．phones D．messages
11.A．walking B．rushing C．stepping D．going
12.A．school B．youth C．work D．life
13.A．silent B．patient C．still D．quiet
14.A．Nearly B．Ever C．Just D．Already
15.A．like B．decide C．choose D．need
16.A．activity B．research C．study D．peace
17.A．Because B．Until C．Once D．Unless
18.A．frequently B．slowly C．fast D．quickly
19.A．asking B．sending C．calling D．waiting
20.A．Value B．Miss C．Owe D．Hold
Having never met with such a _____ problem, he felt _____ and didn’t know how to solve it.
A. puzzling; puzzled B. puzzled; puzzling
C. puzzling; puzzling D. puzzled; puzzled
