The two tables are of the same shape but the one made of steel costs more than ________ made of wood.
A. that B. those C. one D. it
At ______ end of the meeting, our headmaster encouraged all of us to go to ______ college.
A. the; the B. an; / C. /; / D. the; /
假定你是李明，你的澳大利亚朋友Steven如何才能学好中文。请你根据下列要点给他写封建议信。
要点：1. 参加中文学习班；2. 看中文书刊、电视； 3。 学唱中文歌；4。 交中国朋友。
注意：词数100左右；可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；开头和结束语已为你写好，不计入总词数。
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Dear Steven, |
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I’m glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to learn Chinese well. |
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Best wishes. |
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Yours Sincerely, |
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Li Ming |
任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。
At the beginning of the twentieth century, many people thought that the American family was falling apart. A century later, we know that this was not the case. However, although the family is still alive in the United States, its size and shape were very different 100 years ago.
In the late 1800s and early 1900s, there were mainly two types of families in the United States: the extended and the nuclear. The extended family usually includes grandparents, parents, and children living under the same roof. The nuclear family consists of only parents and children.
Today there are many different kinds of families. Some people live in “traditional” families, that is, a stay-home mother, a working father, and their own biological children. Others live in two-paycheck families, single-parent families, adoptive or foster, families, blended families (where men and women who were married before marry again and combine the children from previous marriages into the new families)，child less families, and so on.
What caused the structure of the family to change? In the early 1900s the birthrate began to fall and the divorce rate began to rise. Women were suddenly choosing to go to college and take jobs outside the home. In the 1930s and 1940s, many families faced serious financial, or money problems during the Great Depression, when many people lost their jobs. During World War II(1939-1945)，5 million women were left alone to take care of their homes and their children. Because many men were at war, thousands of these "war widows" had to go to work outside their home.
During the next ten years, the situation changed. There were fewer divorces, and people married at a younger age and had more children than the previous generation. It was unusual for a mother to work outside the home during the years when her children were growing tip. Families began leaving cities and moving into single-family homes in the suburbs. The traditional family seemed to be returning.
In the years between 1960s and 1990s, there were many important changes in the structure of the family. From the 1960s to the early 1970s, the divorce rate doubled and the birthrate fell by half. The number of single-parent families tripled, and the number of couples living together without being married doubled again. In fact, the single-parent household, once unusual, has replaced the "traditional" family as the typical family in the States. If we can judge from history, however, this will probably change again in the twenty-first century.
The Changes of the American Family
Ears are for hearing — everyone knows that. But for a creature called the Cuvier’s beaked whale, hearing starts in the throat (喉咙), a new study found.
The observation might help explain how all whales hear. The work might also help scientists understand how animals are affected by underwater sonar (声呐). This sonar, used by some ships, sends out sound waves to locate underwater objects.
The Cuvier’s beaked whale is a so-called toothed whale. Toothed whales dive deep into the ocean in search of food. As the whales hunt, they produce sounds that reach objects and then return to the whales. This allows the animals to “see” the shape, size, and location of objects, even when they’re 1,000 meters under the sea, where it is totally dark.
To better understand how the whale hears, researchers from San Diego State University in California took X rays of two Cuvier’s beaked whales. The whales had died and washed up on the beach.
Ted Cranford and his colleagues used the images to make a computer model of a Cuvier’s beaked whale’s head. Then, they modeled the process of sound traveling through the head.
The researchers knew that some sounds get to the ears of a toothed whale through a structure (构造) called “the window for sound”. Found on the lower jaw, this structure is very thin on the outside and has a large pad (垫) of fat on the inside.
When the researchers used their computer model to work out how sound waves travel in the whale’s head, they were surprised to find that sounds coming from right in front of the whale actually travel under the animal’s jaw. From there, sound waves move through the throat, into a hole in the back of the jaw, and finally to the pad of fat near the animal’s ears.
1.Toothed whales look for food under the sea by ______.
A. watching the shape and size of their objects B. diving deep into the sea
C. sending and receiving sounds D. making lots of noises
2.Researchers took X rays of two Cuvier’s beaked whales in order to ______.
A. find out why they had died and washed up on the beach
B. make a computer model of a Cuvier’s beaked whale’s head
C. make sure that sound travels through the head
D. know more about the way the whale hears
3. Which of the following describes the way taken by sound waves through a Cuvier’s beaked whale?
A. A hole in the back of the jaw → the ears → the jaw → the throat.
B. The jaw → the throat → a hole in the back of the jaw → the ears.
C. The throat → the jaw → the ears → a hole in the back of the jaw.
D. The ears → the throat → a hole in the back of the jaw → the jaw.
4.Which of the following is TRUE according to this passage?
A. The throat is important to the Cuvier’s beaked whale’s hearing.
B. Ships send out sound waves like a Cuvier’s beaked whale.
C. The ears are actually useless to the Cuvier’s beaked whale.
D. The researchers haven’t found how the whales hear.
A scientist who developed a way to calculate how much water is used in the production of anything from a cup of coffee to a hamburger was awarded the 2008 Stockholm Water Prize.
Professor John Anthony Allan of the University of London in Britain won the award for introducing the idea of “virtual water (虚拟水)”, a calculation method that has changed the nature of trade policy and research.
Allan has written seven books and published more than 100 papers.
The Stockholm International Water Institute said this idea is now embedded (埋藏) in the production of foods and industrial products. The institute said Allan’s work had made a big effect on global trade policy and research, especially in water-scarce (缺水的) regions.
“The improved understanding of trade and water management issues on local, regional and global scales are of the highest value for the successful and sustainable (可持续的) use of water resources,” it said.
“People do not only use water when they drink it or take a shower,” the institute said. “Behind the morning cup of coffee, there are 140 liters of water that was used to grow, produce, package and ship the beans.” That is about as much water as a person in England uses on average for all daily drinking and household needs.
“For a single hamburger, about 2,400 liters of water are needed. In the USA, the average person uses nearly 7,000 liters of virtual water every day.” It said that was more than three times the average use of a Chinese person.
1.Allan was awarded the prize because _______.
A. he wrote seven books on trade policy
B. he published more than 100 papers on water management
C. he found a new kind of water in water-scarce areas
D. he came up with the idea of virtual water
2.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The average American uses about 7,000 liters of water a day.
B. The average Chinese uses nearly 2,300 liters of virtual water a day.
C. An Englishman usually drinks about 140 liters of coffee a day.
D. A hamburger usually contains about 2,400 liters of water.
3.What do we learn about John Anthony Allan from the passage?
A. He won the 2008 Nobel Prize. B. He has written over 100 books.
C. He works at the University of London. D. He lives in the USA.
4.What effect does the idea of virtual water have?
A. It helps us realize the importance of trade.
B. It helps people do successful business.
C. It helps us make use of water scientifically.
D. It tells us how much water we use a day.
