Sometimes people add to what they say even when they don’t talk. Gestures are the “silent language” of every culture. We point a finger or move another part of the body to show what we want to say．It is important to know the body language of every country or we may be misunderstood.
In the United States，people greet each other with a handshake in a formal introduction．The handshake must be firm．If the handshake is weak，it is a sign of weakness or unfriendliness．Friends may place a hand on the other's arm or shoulder．Some people，usually women，greet a friend with a hug（拥抱）．
Space is important to Americans．When two people talk to each other，they usually stand about two and a half feet away and at an angle，so they are not facing each other directly．Americans get uncomfortable when a person stands too close．They will move back to have their space．If Americans touch another person by accident，they say “Pardon me” or “Excuse me”．
Americans like to look at the other person in the eyes when they are talking．If you don't do so，it means you are bored，hiding something，or are not interested．But when you stare at someone，it is not polite．
For Americans，thumbs-up means yes，very good，or well done．Thumbs-down means the opposite．To call a waiter，raise one hand to head level or above．To show you want the check，make a movement with your hands as if you are signing a piece of paper．It is all right to point at things but not at people with the hand and index finger（食指）．Americans shake their index finger at children when they scold them and pat them on the head when they admire them．
Learning a culture's body language is sometimes confusing（使糊涂的）．If you don't know what to do，the safest thing to do is to smile．
1.From the first paragraph we can learn that ________．
|
A．gestures don't mean anything while talking |
|
B．gestures can help us to express ourselves |
|
C．we can learn a language well without body language |
|
D．only American people can use gestures |
2.If you are introduced to a stranger from the USA，you should _______．
|
A．greet him with a hug |
|
B．place a hand on his shoulder |
|
C．shake his hand firmly |
|
D．shake his hand weakly |
3.In the United States，people often ________．
|
A．show their friendship by touching each other |
|
B．show their friendship by glancing at each other |
|
C．say “Pardon me” to each other when they are talking |
|
D．get uncomfortable when you stand close to them |
4.If you talk with an American friend，it's polite to ________．
|
A．look up and down at your friend |
|
B．look at the other person in the eyes |
|
C．hide your opinion |
|
D．look at your watch now and then |
Throughout history, people have been interested in knowing how language first began, but no one knows exactly where or how this happened. However, we do know a lot about languages, the languages of today and also the languages of earlier times. There are probably about three thousand languages in the world today. Chinese is the language with the most speakers. English, Russian and Spanish are also spoken by many millions of people. On the other hand, some languages in the world have less than one hundred speakers.
There are several important families of languages in the world. For example, most of the languages of Europe are in one large family called Indo-European. The original (最初的) language of this family was spoken about 4,500 years ago. Many of the present day languages of Europe and India are modern forms of the language of 4,500 years ago.
Languages are always changing. The English of today is very different from the English of 500 years ago. In time some even die out completely. About 1,000 years ago English was a little -known relative of German spoken on one of the borders（边界）of Europe.
If a language has a lot of speakers or if it is very old, there may be differences in the way it is spoken in different areas. That is, the language may have several dialects. Chinese is a good example of dialect differences. Chinese has been spoken for thousands of years by many millions of speakers. The differences between the dialects of Chinese are so great that speakers of Chinese from some parts of China cannot understand speakers from other parts.
1.The first paragraph mainly tells us that_______.
|
A．most people in the world speak Chinese |
|
B．there are thousands of languages in the world today |
|
C．man has much knowledge about languages |
|
D．some people know several languages |
2.Many European and Indian languages ______.
|
A．will soon die out completely |
|
B．were once a relative of English |
|
C．are the same as before |
|
D．come from the same family |
3.____ seems to have changed a lot
|
A．Chinese |
B．English |
C．Spanish |
D．German |
4. The best title of this passage is .
|
A．English |
B．Changes of English |
|
C．Chinese |
D．Knowledge of Language |
Today anyone will accept money in exchange for goods and services.People use money to buy food, furniture,books,bicycles and hundreds of other things they need or want. When they work, they usually get paid in money.
Most of the money today is made of metal(金属) or paper. But people used to use all kinds of things as money. One of the first kinds of money was shells.
Shells were not the only things used as money. In China , cloth and knives were used. In the Phillipine Islands, rice was used as money for a long time. Elephant tusks,monkey tails and salt were used as money in parts of Africa.
The first metal coins were made in China. They were round and had a square hole in the centre.People strung(串联)them together and carried them from place to place.
Different countries have used different metals and designs for their money. The first coins in England were made of tin(锡).Sweden and Russia used copper(铜)to make their money. Later some countries began to make coins of gold and silver.
But even gold and silver were inconvenient if you had to buy something expensive. Again the Chinese thought of a way to improve money. They began to use paper money. The first paper money looked more like note from one person to another than the paper money used today.
Money has had an interesting history from the days of shell money until today.
1.The main use of money is that _________.
|
A．people use it to buy things to eat |
|
B．people accept money only in exchange for clothes |
|
C．people accept money in exchange for goods and service |
|
D．people will accept money for giving our goods to others |
2.What did the first Chinese metal coins look like?
|
A．They had square hole in the centre. |
|
B．They were just like shells. |
|
C．They were round like the moon. |
|
D．They were round with a square hole in the centre. |
3.Who thought of a way to use paper money first?
|
A．The Chinese |
B．The Russian |
|
C．The Sweden |
D．The English men |
4.The best title of this passage should be ________.
|
A．The Chinese money |
B．The history of money |
|
C．Some things about money |
D．What is money |
完形填空（共小20题；每小题1分，满分20分）
When I was a boy, every holiday that I had seemed wonderful. My 1 took me by train or by car to a hotel by the 2 . All day, I seem to remember, I 3 on the sands with strange 4 children. We made houses and gardens, and 5 the tide (潮汐) destroy (破坏, 毁坏) them. When the tide went out, we 6 over the rocks and looked down at the fish in the rock-pools.
In those days the 7 seemed to shine always brightly 8 the water was always warm. Sometimes we left the beach and walked in the country, 9 ruined (毁灭的) houses and dark woods and climbing trees. There were 10 in one's pockets or good places where one could 11 ice-creams. Each day seemed a life-time.
Although I am now thirty-five years old, my idea of a good 12 is much the same as it was. I 13 like the sun and warm sand and the sound of _14 beating the rocks. I no longer wish to 15 any sand house or sand garden, and I dislike sweets. 16 , I love the sea and often feel sand running through my fingers.
Sometimes I 17 what my ideal (理想的) holiday will be like when I am 18 . All I want to do then, perhaps, will be to lie in bed, reading books about 19 who make houses and gardens with sands, who watch the incoming tide, who make 20 sick on too many ices...
|
1. |
|
|
2. |
|
|
3. |
|
|
4. |
|
|
5. |
|
|
6. |
|
|
7. |
|
|
8. |
|
|
9. |
|
|
10. |
|
|
11. |
|
|
12. |
|
|
13. |
|
|
14. |
|
|
15. |
|
|
16. |
|
|
17. |
|
|
18. |
|
|
19. |
|
|
20. |
|
After the new type of rice was introduced, the farmers produced _______ rice this year as last year.
|
A．as twice much as |
B．twice as much as |
C．twice much as |
D．twice as much |
The chairman thought _____ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.
|
A．that |
B．it |
C．this |
D．him |
