The wave of panic buying 抢盐风波
Many people in China rushed to store as much iodized salt（含碘食盐）as possible. This trend has led to grocery store shelves being ransacked over the past several days.
"I went looking for salt in the supermarket, stores and street markets, and it's all sold out."
It all stems from the rumor that iodized salt could help ward off radiation poisoning spreading from Japan's Fukushima Daiichi power plant. Consumers also worried that the nuclear plumes might spread to China by air and sea, contaminating food sources, including salt taken from the sea.
The wave of panic buying spread quickly throughout the country, driving up salt prices by five to ten fold（涨到五到十倍）in some cities.
Even regions rich in salt production, like Jiangxi Province face sudden shortages.
Local authorities have stepped in to stabilize the market. As well, state-owned salt companies have been urged to increase their supply.
Facing expanding market demand, distribution centers like this one in Beijing have taken extra measures to ensure they are well-prepared.
Wang Yun, Beijing Salt Industry Corporation, said, "Our storage reserves can guarantee a two-month supply for the Beijing market."
Measures are being taken to prevent panic buying. Health authorities and experts have begun informing the public that the rumor of salt's protection against radiation is "totally unfounded"（完全是无稽之谈）. The public is being urged to be more rational when buying salt.
[写作内容]
1．以约 30 个词概括这篇短文的主要内容；
2．以约120词写一篇读后感，说明“国民素质的提高和科学知识的普及等问题的重要性”，内容包括：
（1）议论“抢盐心态”，发人深思。透过现象，从中折射出若干问题的感受；
（2）以你或他人的经历说明；
（3）谈谈你从中悟出的道理。
[写作要求]
1．在作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子。
2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
[评分标准]
概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。
第一节 基础写作 (共1小题，满分15分)
俗话说”笑一笑，十年少”，请根据下面的提示写一篇短文，谈谈微笑的好处。
[写作内容]
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1．微笑的好处：给别人留下好印象；帮自己调节不良情绪 2．具体的事例：聊天时向朋友倾诉苦恼，朋友给我发来了他的一张面带灿烂笑容的照片，朋友的微笑消除了自己的烦恼。 3．你猜想经常微笑会有什么好处？ |
[写作要求] 只能使用5个句子表达全部内容。
[评分标准] 句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。
The average person tells three lies in ten minutes of a conversation. How can you tell if someone is lying? Have a look through the facial expressions to see what they indicate.
A. 
B.
C.
D. 
E.
F. 
Read the following description and find a match with the facial expressions above.
1. ①eyebrows raised;② eyes widened; mouth open.
2. ①Drooping upper eyelids; ②losing focus in eyes; ③slight pulling down of lip corners.
3. ①Crow's feet wrinkles; ②pushed up cheeks; ㈢movement from muscle that orbits the eye.
4. ① Eyebrows raised and pulled together;② raised upper eyelids; ③tensed lower eyelids; ㈣lips slightly stretched horizontally back to ears.
5. ①Nose wrinkling; ②upper lip raised.
The hole in the Earth's ozone layer (臭氧层) has until now protected Antarctica from the worst effects of global warming. But scientists have warned that as the hole closes up in the next few decades, temperatures on the continent could rise by around 3oC on average, with melting ice contributing to a global sea level increase of up to 1.4 metres.
In the past decades the western Antarctic has seen rapid ice loss as the world has warmed, but the other parts of the continent have, paradoxically, been cooling, resulting in a 10% increase in ice in the seas around the region. This is because the hole in the ozone layer has increased cold winds in Antarctica, making much of the continent surface colder than usual.
But now that the gasses that cause the ozone hole have been banned, scientists expect the hole to repair itself within the next 50 to 60 years. By then the cooling effect will have faded out and the Antarctic will face the full impact of global warming. This means an increase in average air temperatures of around 3OC and a reduction in sea ice by around a third.
The biggest threat to the continent comes from warming seas. Robert Johnson, a scientist who monitors Antarctica ice sheets, said, "The ice sheets in Antarctica are hundreds of metres thick. But once warm ocean waters start flowing underneath, the ice will begin thinning and could break up very quickly. "Thinning ice sheets cause ice to break away from the continent and to melt even faster. Escaping ice from western Antarctica has already resulted in a 10% rise in global sea level in recent decades.
Johnson believes that international action to reduce global warming is required immediately or it may be too late. "Everything is connected - Antarctica may be a long way away but it is an important part of the Earth's system," said Johnson. "It contains 90% of the world's ice, 70% of the world's fresh water and that is enough, if it melts completely, to raise sea levels by 63 metres."
Even in a worse-case situation scientists don't expect the ice to entirely disappear, but predict that, because of the melting ice sheets, average sea level rise will be around 1.4 metres higher by the end of the century.
1.The underlined word "paradoxically" (in Paragraph 2) most probably means "_ _".
A. rapidly B. approximately C. contradictorily D. apparently
2.What is the effect of the hole in the ozone layer on Antarctica?
A. It is making much of the continent colder.
B. It is causing the ice to melt faster.
C. It is making the effects of global warming in the region worse.
D. It is reducing the amount of water in Antarctica.
3. What do scientists think is the biggest danger facing Antarctica?
A. Rising sea levels. B. Warming sea water temperature.
C. Water pollution. D. Growing ice sheets.
4. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. Antarctica contains most of the world's fresh water.
B. The average temperature has increased by 3 degree centigrade in recent decades.
C. Antarctica is currently experiencing the full effects of global warming.
D. Ten percent of Antarctica's ice has already been lost.
5.The best title for the passage is ___ ___ .
A. Our planet in danger B. Antarctica melting away
C. Action plan to save Antarctica D. Let's save the ozone layer
People should be warned against using mobile phones outdoors in stormy weather because they may “be struck by lightning”, according to doctors.
Three experts have described how a teenage girl was struck by lightning while using her phone in a large London park. The girl, aged 15, recovered, but a year later, was still wheelchair-bound and found to be suffering complex physical and emotional problems.
The girl also had a perforate eardrum（打孔耳膜）on the side where she had been holding the mobile phone. She was having general recovery in Northwick Park Hospital, Middlesex.Swinda Esprit, a senior house officer, said that while the brain and muscle damage was similar to that of many lightning victims—who can experience heart attacks on being struck— the ear problems were not.
She said that the damages were particularly relevant for people who might be involved in less serious lightning incidents, who might otherwise recover, but would never get their full hearing back if struck while on the phone.
“We were shocked by the damage, which is why we wanted to draw attention to it,” Dr Esprit said. “A year on and she still was suffering these difficult hearing.”
They added that three other cases had been reported in newspapers in China, South Korea, and Malaysia. In the Malaysian case, a sales executive was killed by lightning while talking on his phone during a thunderstorm near Kuala Lumpur
“All these events resulted in death,” the doctors wrote. “This rare phenomenon is a public health issue, and education is necessary to stress the risk.”
The Australian Lightning Protection Standard recommends that metallic objects, including cordless or mobile phones, should not be carried outdoors during thunderstorms. However, “the United States National Weather Service says on its website that both are safe to use “because there is no direct path between you and the lightening”.
Paul Taylor, of “the Met Office”, said the ear injuries were a consequence of mobile phones being metal, and not related to radio waves.
Mr. Taylor said that mobile phones should be treated as another piece of metal, similar to carrying coins or wearing rings, and people need to be warned against the possible danger.
1.What do we know about the teenage girl?
A. She was struck by lightning at school.
B. She completely recovered from being struck.
C. She still suffered from mental problems.
D. She had to press her ear all day
2.It can be inferred that damage done by lightening while using mobile phones ______.
A. is mainly in the brain and muscle of the victims
B. can be healed quickly except for heart attacks
C. is less serious because the victims can usually recover
D. is more serious than that when one is not using a mobile phone
3. Why did doctors stress the risk about using phones outside in lightening?
A. Because more people are faced with it.
B. Because some deaths have been caused.
C. Because lightning is harmful for the brain.
D. Because a teenage girl got killed.
4.We can infer from the last three paragraphs that ______.
A. both cordless and mobile phones are safe to use outside in lightning
B. there is no direct connection between lightning and ear injuries at all
C. opinions differ as to whether it is safe to use mobiles phones in lightning
D. ear injuries are the result of carrying coins or wearing rings in lightning
5. The purpose in writing this passage is ______.
A. to draw attention to the risk of using mobile phones in lightening
B. to focus on various damages done to lightning victims
C. to tell us the news that a teenage girl was struck by lightning
D. to stress the danger of making phone calls in lightning
Traffic jam and cities, it seems, go hand in hand. Everyone complains about being stuck in traffic; but, like the weather, no one seems to do anything about it. In particular, traffic engineers, transportation planners, and public officials responsible for transportation systems in large cities are frequently criticized for failing to solve traffic jam.
But is traffic jam a sign of failure? Long queues at restaurants or theater box offices are seen as signs of success. Should transportation systems be viewed any differently? I think we should recognize that traffic jam is an unpreventable by-product of successful cities, and view the “traffic problem” in a different light.
Cities exist because they promote social interactions and economic transactions.
Traffic jam occurs where there are lots of people but limited spaces. Culturally and economically successful cities have the worst traffic problems, while decaying cities don’t have much traffic. New York and Los Angeles are America’s most crowded cities. But if you want access to major brokerage houses (经纪行), you will find them easier to reach in crowded New York than in any other large cities. And if your firm needs access to post-production film editors or satellite-guidance engineers, you will reach them more quickly through the crowded freeways of LA than through less crowded roads elsewhere.
Despite traffic jam, a larger number and wider variety of social interactions and economic transactions can be made perfect in large, crowded cities than elsewhere. Seen in this light, traffic jam is an unfortunate consequence of prosperity, not a cause of economic decline and urban decay.
So while we can consider traffic jam as increasing costs on the areas of big cities, the costs of inaccessibility (交通不便) in uncrowded places are almost certainly greater.
There is no doubt that traffic jam brings the terrible economic and environmental damage in places like Bangkok, Jakarta, and Lagos. But mobility is far higher and traffic jam levels are far lower here in the US, even in our most crowded cities. That’s why, for now, we don’t see people and capital streaming out of San Francisco and Chicago, heading for cities like California, and Illinois.
1. We can conclude from the first paragraph that_______.
A. traffic jam and weather are the two factors preventing the development of the big city
B. traffic jam seems to be very difficult to deal with
C. if traffic engineers try their best, traffic jam can be solved
D. public officials are always criticized for misusing their power
2.According to the passage, what’s the author’s opinion towards traffic jam？_____
A. In cities, traffic jam is unavoidable.
B. Traffic jam is both a sign of failure and a sign of success.
C. Traffic jam is the consequence of successful cities.
D. For a successful city, traffic jam is not unpreventable.
3.By saying “decaying” (in Para. 4), the writer probably means_______.
A. declining B. developing
C. rich and successful D. strong and healthy
4. According to this article, which statement about “New York” and “Los Angeles” is true? _____
A. The traffic jam in the two cities has been worsened.
B. New York and Los Angeles are the most successful cities in the USA.
C. It is easier to reach major brokerage houses in the two cities than in other cities.
D. Despite the traffic jam in LA, you’ll find a satellite-guidance engineer more quickly there.
5.What can we learn from the last paragraph? _______
A. California is as crowded and successful as San Francisco.
B. The traffic jam in San Francisco has resulted in the capital becoming empty.
C. The traffic jam level in Jakarta is lower than that in the US.
D. Traffic jam has caused terrible bad effects in cities such as Bangkok and Lagos.
