Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph．There is one extra heading which you do not need.
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A．Causes of overusing fluoride |
B．Negative effects of fluoride |
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C．Safe use of fluoride |
D．The expert’s background information |
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E．No need to worry about fluoride poisoning |
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F．Solutions to improper use of fluoride |
I have heard that fluoride can help stop dental decay, but I recently read that it is poisonous．Which of these is true? How can children use fluoride safely?
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1. |
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This question is answered by Dr Marcia M．Rich who practises general dentistry in Newholt．She is also a lecturer at the University and a writer for the monthly magazine Your Dentist Cares．
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2. |
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My answer to the first question is to stress that fluoride works well and is safe when users follow instructions．Young children have a tendency to swallow toothpaste, which is why they should only have a tiny amount of fluoride toothpaste on their toothbrush．If this simple measure is taken, parents can be confident that children will be protected against tooth decay, and come to no harm.
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3. |
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Almost all medicines have an adverse effect－or even be deadly－if they are not taken as directed．So you are right－fluoride can be poisonous if it is swallowed in very large quantities．It is for the reason that fluoride supplements can only be obtained on prescription from the doctor or dentist．Please be assured that fluoride overdoses are rare－in fact, I have never heard of any fatal incidents related to fluoride poisoning.
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4. |
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Scientific studies have shown that fluoride can help to prevent cavities as long as it is used correctly．If fluoride is abused, there is a risk of illness or even deaths in extreme cases．If a deadly amount of fluoride is taken, immediate first-aid could save a life．A person who has swallowed a large amount of fluoride will probably start vomiting．If not, the patient should be given milk or antacid and taken to the nearest hospital for emergency treatment.
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5. |
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Taking too much fluoride while teeth are growing can lead to a condition called dental fluorosis．The most likely cause is the swallowing of fluoride toothpastes by young children．It can also be caused by inappropriate use of fluoride drop or other fluoride supplements, for example when fluoride is already is already present in drinking water．
Twenty-first century humanity has mapped oceans and mountains, visited the moon, and surveyed the planets．But for all the progress, people still don’t know one another very well.
That brings about Theodore Zeldin’s “feast of conversation”－events where individuals pair with persons they don’t know for three hours of guided talk designed to get the past “Where are you from?”
Mr．Zeldin, an Oxford University professor, heads Oxford Muse, a 10-year-old foundation based on the idea that what people need is not more information, but more inspiration and encouragement.
The “feast” in London looks not at politics or events, but at how people have felt about work, relations among the sexes, hopes and fears, enemies and authority, the shape of their lives．The “menu of conversation” includes topics like “How have your priorities changed over the years?” Or, “What have you rebelled against the past?”
As participants gathered, Zeldin opened with a speech: that despite instant communications in a globalized age, issues of human heart remain．Many people are lonely, or in routines that discourage knowing the depth of one another．“We are trapped in shallow conversations and the whole point now is to think, which is sometimes painful,” he says．“But thinking interaction is what separates us from other species, except maybe dogs…who do have generations of human interactions.”
The main rules of the “feast”: Don’t pair with someone you know or ask questions you would not answer．The only awkward moment came when the multi-racial crowd of young adults to seniors, in sun hats, ties and dresses, looked to see whom with for hours．But 15 minutes later, everyone was seated and talking, continuing full force until organizers interrupted them 180 minutes later.
“It’s encouraging to see the world is not just a place of oppression and distance from each other,” Zeldin summed up．“What we did is not ordinary, but it can’t be madder than the world already is.”
Some said they felt “liberated” to talk on sensitive topics．Thirty-something Peter, from East London, said that “it might take weeks or months to get to the level of interaction we suddenly opened up.”
1.What can the “conversations” be best described as?
A．Deep and one-on-one. B．Sensitive and mad.
C．Instant and inspiring. D．Ordinary and encouraging.
2.In a “feast of conversations”, participants ______.
A．pair freely with anyone they like
B．have a guided talk for a set of period of time
C．ask questions they themselves would not answer
D．wear clothes reflecting multi-racial features．
3.In paragraph 6, “they would be ‘intimate’” is closest in meaning to “______”.
A．they would have physical contact B．they would have in-depth talk
C．they would be close friends D．they would exchange basic information
4.From the passage, we can conclude that what Zeldin does is ______.
A．an attempt to promote thinking interaction
B．one of the maddest activities ever conducted
C．a try to liberate people from old-fashioned ideas
D．an effort to give people a chance of talking freely
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DONALD SLOAN |
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Gates Hall University of Kansas Lawrence, KS 66045 913-243-1682 |
After May 2009: 46 Clayton Drive St．Louis, MO 63130 314-726-8840 |
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Objective |
To work with the client (委托人) population in a social service position.
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Education |
B.A., University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 2009 Major: Social Services Minor: Applied Psychology
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Experience |
Assistant Activities Supervisor, Fairview Nursing Home, Lawrence, KS, November 2006-present．Help organize and implement recreational activities for nursing home residents．Activities include crafts, dances, day trips, sing-alongs, and visiting performers. Hotline Volunteer．Teen Crisis Center, Lawrence, KS, September 2006- May 2007．Handled crisis calls from teenagers in the community．Dealt with drug use, unwanted pregnancies, failing grades, and the breakdown of parent-teen relationships. Nurse’s Aide, Danyers General Hospital, St．Louis, MO, Summer 2006．Assisted nurses in patient care．Took histories, updated charts, and helped prepare patients for surgery.
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Activities |
University Concert Board．Work with other board members to plan and implement on-campus concerts. Senior Gift Campaign．Help manage the campaign to raise funds for the senior class gift to the university. Residence Hall Programming Board．Planned social events for Eggar Residence Hall.
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Skills |
Fluent in French．Water safety instructor．Skilled at working with people.
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Interests |
Skiing, softball, classical music, and guitar． |
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1.This passage is most probably ______.
A．an advertisement for enrolling new employees
B．a school report at the end of an academic year
C．a self-introduction meant to apply for a job
D．a part of a recommendation letter from a university
2.According to the “Experience” section, we can infer that Donald Sloan can be _____.
A．a wise leader B．a skillful performer
C．a gifted scientist D．a good social worker
3.From the passage we can learn that Donald Sloan ______.
A．is good at singing and dancing B．is about to graduate from a university
C．has an interest in being a surgeon D．specializes in psychology
They like using the Internet．They have lots of pocket money to spend．And they spend a higher proportion of it online than the rest of us．Teenagers are just the sort of people an online seller is interested in, and the things they want to buy－games, CDs and clothing－are easily sold on the Web.
But paying online is a tricky business for consumers who are too young to own credit cards．Most have to use a parent’s card．They want a facility that allows them to spend money.
That may come sooner than they think: new ways to take pocket money into cyber (网络的) space are coming out rapidly on both sides of the Atlantic．If successful, these products can stimulate online sales.
In general, teenagers spend huge amounts: $153bn (billion) in the US last year and ￡20bn annually in the UK．Most teenagers have access to the Internet at home or at school－88 percent in the US, 69 percent in the UK．According to the Jupiter Research, one in eight of those with Internet access has bought something online－mainly CDs and books.
In most cases, parents pay for these purchases with credit cards, an arrangement that is often unsatisfactory for them and their children．Pressing parents to spend online is less productive than pressing on the high street．They are more likely to ask “Why?” if you ask to spend some money online.
One way to help teenagers change notes and coins into cybercast is through prepaid cards such as Internet Cash in the US and Smart cards in the UK．Similar to those for pay-as-you-go mobile telephones, they are sold in amounts such as￡20 or $50 with a concealed 14-digit number that can be used to load the cash into an online account.
1.What does the word “They” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A．Sellers. B．Buyers. C．Teenagers. D．Parents.
2.According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．More than half of the teenagers in the US and the UK have Internet access．
B．Teenagers pay for goods online with their own credit cards.
C．Most teenagers in the US and the UK have bought something online.
D．Teenagers found it easier to persuade parents to buy online than in a shop.
3.A new way to help teenagers shop online is to use ______.
A．a new machine B．special coins and notes
C．prepaid cards D．pay-as-you-go mobile phones
4.What is the passage mainly about?
A．Online shopping traps. B．Internet users in the US and the UK.
C．New credit cards for parents. D．The arrival of cyber pocket money.
For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D．Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Is there a job for you after college? What does the world of work keep in store for you? That 50 in large measure on who you are.
If you’ve enjoyed your studies in English and history, 50 , you’ll be glad to know that in a recent survey by Hobart and William Smith Colleges in New York State, a majority of CEOs said that the liberal arts (文科) are essential for 52 critical thinking and problem-solving skills．If you thought college was for acquiring specific work skills, only 37 percent of the CEOs in the survey agree with you.
If you plan to start your career as a secretary, be aware that this job is undergoing tremendous 53 ．In offices where secretaries have not already been eliminated, the
54 role of a clerk is now unrecognizable．Most bosses 55 their own mails and meetings and travel plans, thanks to e-mail and the Internet, so secretaries are 56 taking on higher-level tasks such as drafting contracts and handling customer service problems．Those willing to expand their 57 should do well.
If you are a woman interested in law enforcement (执法), note that some states and cities are working hard to reach 58 standards for female applicants．Although most small suburban police departments are deeply traditional, and some are 59 even to employ woman, among the nation’s largest forces about 15 percent of the officers are female, five times as many as a generation ago.
Degrees in sports management are also 60 ．Two hundred U.S colleges and universities, 10 times as many in 1985, now 61 undergraduate courses in sports management, and some have advanced degree programs．At some school you can also combine an MBA in sports management with a law degree.
62 , if you’ve set your sights on a traditional MBA, take heart．MBA recruitment (招聘) is way up, and salaries are 63 ．But money isn’t all today’s MBAs are looking for．A recent study of nearly 1,800 MBA students in the United States and Canada found that 68 percent 64 the statement, “My family will always be more important than my career.”
1.A．concentrates B．depends C．takes D．passes
2.A．by comparison B．as a result C．for instance D．in return
3.A．developing B．discouraging C．confirming D．appreciating
4.A．troubles B．pains C．tests D．changes
5.A．active B．small C．useful D．traditional
6.A．await B．handle C．transfer D．classify
7.A．increasingly B．unwillingly C．diligently D．intentionally
8.A．horizons B．activities C．organizations D．operations
9.A．medium B．high C．fair D．legal
10.A．keen B．resolved C．reluctant D．qualified
11.A．on display B．at an end C．at rest D．on the rise
12.A．cancel B．offer C．register D．drop
13.A．Contrarily B．Consequently C．Finally D．Strictly
14.A．competitive B．moderate C．fixed D．regular
15.A．give out B．agree with C．wonder about D．focus on
Complete the following passage by using the words in the box．Each word can only be used once．Note that there is one word more than you need.
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A．primarily |
B．similar |
C．considerately |
D．connections |
E．instructed |
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F．series |
G．personal |
H．served |
I．defined |
J．environment |
In a study of the university of Minnesota, twins (some raised together and others who had grown up apart) were tested for a wide range of personality traits (特征)．In terms of happiness－ 1. as the ability to enjoy life－twins who are separated soon after birth were much less alike than twins raised together．But when it comes to unhappiness, the twins raised apart－some without contact for as long as 64 years－were as 2. as those who had grown up together.
Why is unhappiness less influenced by 3. ? When we are happy, we are more responsive to people and keep up 4. better than when we are feeling sad．
This doesn’t mean, however, that some people are born to be sad and that’s that．Unhappiness may be related to genes, but this inherited trait can be influenced by 5. choice．You can increase your happiness through your own actions.
In a whole6. of experiments by psychologists John Reich and Alex Zautra at Arizona State University, they asked students to select their favorite activities from a list of everyday pleasures－things like going to a movie, talking with friends and playing cards.
Then the researchers 7. some of the students in the experiment to increase the number of favorite activities the participated in for one month (the participants in the study 8. as controls (对照组) and did not vary their activity level)．Result: Those who did more of the things they enjoyed were happier than those who didn’t．The conclusion, then, is that the pleasure we get from life is 9. ours to control.
