Shirley ______ a book about Tibet last year, but I don’t know whether she has finished it.
|
A．has written |
B．wrote |
C．had written |
D．was writing |
______ has been reported in the newspaper, they were about to have peace talks between the two countries when an accident happened.
|
A．It |
B．As |
C．That |
D．What |
情景作文（20分）
假设你是红星中学高中学生李华，最近，你校学生会对影响学生课外阅读的因素进行了调查，结果见下图。请根据图示提供的信息给某英文报纸写信，反映调查的实际情况，并寻求建议。
注意：
1．信的开头已为你写好。
2．词数不少于60。
Dear Editor,
Our student union has recently conducted a survey on what may affect students outside-class reading.
Sincerely yours,
Li Hua
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填放空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选
项。
Why Cats Scratch Tings
In has long been assumed that when cats scratch objects with their front paws（爪子）that they are sharpening their claws. 1 Research on cat behavior suggests that the major reason for this behavior is communication. By scratching up the bark of a tree (or the leg of your favorite chair) the cat is letting other cats or people know where she is and what she is up to.
Cats tend to pick a small number of noticeable objects in their environments to scratch such as trees, fence posts repeatedly. 2 The scratched surface leaves a highly visible mark that can be easily seen by other cats. In addition, cats have special glands （腺）in their paws so that when they make scratching movements they leave scent（气味）that the cats can smell. The fact that cats leave scent marks by making scratching movements may be the reason that cats will continue to scratch objects even after they have been declawed. 3
We don’t know exactly what cats are communicating with their scratching. Both males and females do it. It is done inside and outside the home and even by cats living with no other cats around. 4 Cats don’t scratch up your furniture to bother you or just to be destructive, but for specific reasons, one of which is communicating. Cats also scratch to extend their bodies, during play, and possibly as a greeting or to relieve dissatisfaction when prevented from doing other things they want to do.
5 It is easier to prevent problem scratching rather than trying to change your cat’s preference for the arm of your sofa after it has become a built up habit. Thus, the goal is to establish acceptable scratching habits by getting your cat to prefer a scratching post rather than the arm of your sofa.
A．It turns out that this is only a secondary reason.
B．This is why the tree next door looks so scratched up.
C．Cats use other parts of their bodies to communicate as well.
D．Small pieces of bark have accumulated on the ground underneath.
E．Scratching can result in considerable damage, owner dissatisfaction.
F．Declawed cats may still be leaving scent marks on objects they scratch.
G．It could be a defensive warning or just a marker that announces its existence.
Destiny and Personal Responsibility
One important variable affecting communication across cultures is destiny（命运）and personal responsibility. This refers to the degree to which we feel ourselves the masters of our lives, contrary to the degree to which we see ourselves as subject to things outside our control. Another way to look at this is to ask how much we see ourselves able to change and act, to choose the course of our lives and relationships. Some have drawn a parallel between the personal responsibility in North American settings and the view itself. The North American view is vast, with large spaces of unpopulated land. The frontier attitude of “King” of the wilderness, and the expansiveness of the land reaching huge distances, may relate to generally high levels of confidence in the ability to shape and choose our destinies.
In this expansive land, many children grow up with a heroic sense of life, where ideas are big, and hope springs forever. When they experience temporary failures, they encouraged to redouble their efforts, to “try, try again.” Action, efficiency（效率）, and achievement are valued and expected. Free will is respected in laws and enforced by courts.
Now consider places in the world with much smaller land, whose history reflects wars and tough struggles: Northern Ireland, Mexico, Israel, Palestine. In these places, destiny’s role is more important in human life. In Mexico, there is a history of hard life, fighting over land, and loss of homes. Mexicans are more likely to see struggles as part of their life and unavoidable. Their passive attitude is expr4essed in their way of responding to failure or accident by saying “ni modo”(“no way” or “tough lick”), meaning that the failure was destined.
This variable is important to understanding cultural conflict. If someone believing in free will crosses paths with someone more passive, miscommunication is likely. The first person may expect action and accountability. Failing to see it, he may conclude that the second is lazy, not cooperative, or dishonest. The second person will expect respect for the natural order of thins. Failing to see it, he may conclude that the first is forcible, rude, or big headed in his ideas of what can be accomplished or changed.
1.The author thinks that one’s character is partly determined by .
A．physical senses B．general attitude
C．financial background D．geographic characteristics
2.According to the passage, Mexicans would think that Americans are .
A．impractical B．dishonest C．ambitious D．hesitant
3.The underlined word “subject” in Paragraph 1 probably means .
A．a topic of a discussion B．a branch of knowledge
C．a person being experimented on D．a person under the power of others
4.The author would probably agree that .
A．vast land may lead to a more controllable desire
B．heroic sense of life roots deeply in a small country
C．living in limited space contributes to an accepting attitude
D．fighting over land may help people gain high levels of confidence
We’ve all seen them: perfectly toned famous people on late-night television telling us that we too can develop rock-hard abdominal muscles（腹肌）. It’s easy! Just pay $149.99 for the Torso Track or $149.75 for the Ad-Doer and watch those unwanted inches leave your waist. Americans spend tens of million of dollars on various products to firm up their fat around the waist.
And did they work? Not necessarily. Independent studies have concluded that most of these products-no matter who approved them or how expensive they are-shape your midsection no better than old-fashioned stomach crunches（仰卧起坐）. Some can even cause injury-like the $518.99 Body Shaper-Q8SP, which left electrical burns on some researchers at the University of Wisconsin, La Crosse. Others, like the popular Ab-Doer, trpically burn less energy than a gentle walk, according to a study to be published in September by the American Council on Exercise.
The fact is that many Americans don’t have the biological makeup to develop an obvious abdominal muscles. They are either unable to get the necessary muscle mass or they can’t lose enough fat to make a difference. Even if the underlying muscles are well developed, and it takes to hide it is one-sixteenth of tan inch of fat. That’s enough to dismiss most healthy women as well as plenty of guys who do crunches every day.
So what works best? In its new study, the exercise experts researched on the results of the popular Ab-Doer. A lengthy TV advertisement promises that just 10 minutes a day performing such movements as “Body Boogies” and “Good Mornings” will “help form those muscles the fun and easy way without diets.” Steven Loy, professor at California State University, Northridge, tested the promise by measuring the electrical activity produced by the abdominal muscles during three Ab-Doer movements. He and his colleagues then compared the results with those produced during traditional exercises. They determined that the muscles were no more active, and in some cases less so, when exercisers were using the Ab-Doer.
Taking a broader approach, researchers at San Diego State University compared 13 abdominal exercises for their ability to develop the central abdominal muscles. They concluded, in a report published in May, that the most effective exercises kept turning the body and worked the muscles the entire time. Among the winners: the bicycle movements-so called because it looks as if you are riding a bike while lying flat on the floor-and exercises performed on the “Captain’s Chair”, a product typically found in gyms that helps hold the body in the air while you raise your legs up toward your chest. Researchers suggested that a varied routine of the different exercises could deliver the best results.
1.Which of the following is the most effective in building abdominal muscles?
A．Torso Track. B．Ab-Doer.
C．Captain’s Chair. D．Body Shaper-Q8SP.
2.According to the author, it’s difficult for many Americans to get visible firm abdominal muscles mainly because .
A．they do not put in enough efforts
B．injuries interrupt their exercise frequently
C．they change their exercise routine regularly
D．how big their muscles will be is determined by birth
3.The author convinces the readers by .
A．describing successful eases B．offering professional connects
C．presenting findings of researches D．comparing advertisements of products
4.What’s the main purpose of this passage?
A．To research and develop in order to create the perfect stomach and exercise machine.
B．To promote proven exercise techniques and to advise against false advertisements.
C．To indicate that diet and exercises are necessary factors for a fit midsection.
D．To sponsor rich healthy lifestyle based on advanced product research.
