The Wife-carrying World Championship has been celebrated in a small town in central Finland since 1992. in 1992, the people of the town decided that it was time to restart some long-forgotten traditions. Back in the late 1800s, there was a robber called Rosvo-Ronkainen in that area. He was said to only accept men as members of his gang who proved their worth in challenges. At that time, it was also a common practice to steal women from neighboring villages.
The Wife-carrying World Championship is becoming increasingly popular. A large number of competitors, people, and journalists from Finland to Canada attend the Wife-carrying World championship every year.
The event is well-known for its warm and humorous atmosphere. The Wife-carrying World Championship is held on a 253.5 meters long official track. The track has two dry obstacles and a water obstacle, about a meter deep.
There are a few basic rules and the winning team is the couple who complete the course in the shortest time. The wife to be carried may be your own, or your neighbor’s. the minimum weight of the wife to be carried is 49kg. if she is less than 49kg, the wife will be given a heavy bag to carry. Each time a competitor drops his wife, that couple will be fined 15 seconds.
Along with the Wife-carrying World Championship, there is also a team competition. The distance is the same but three men in the team carry the wife in turns. At the exchange point the carrier has to drink the official “wife-carrying drink” before continuing the race. A special prize is awarded to the team with the best costumes.
Alongside with the Wife-carrying World Championship, there are bands playing music, a wife-carrying dance and other forms of entertainment.
1.According to the passage, the Wife-carrying World championship ___________.
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A．was first celebrated in 1992. |
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B．was first held by Rosvo-Ronkainen |
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C．is celebrated in Finland or Canada every year |
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D．will award “wife-carrying drinks” to the winners |
2. The Wife-carrying World championship is famous because ___________.
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A．it is held on a 253.5 meters long track |
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B．many competitors take part in it |
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C．it has a pleasant atmosphere |
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D．the winner will be awarded a lot of money |
3. If a husband drops his wife three time in the competition, he will be fined ________.
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A．15 seconds |
B．35 seconds |
C．45 seconds |
D．60 seconds |
4. compared with the Wife-carrying World championship, the team competition _______.
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A．is more exciting |
B．has a special prize |
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C．has a different track |
D．has three teams altogether |
5.The passage is written mainly to ____________.
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A．warn people that the competition is dangerous |
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B．attract more visitors to the Wife-carrying World championship |
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C．introduce how the Wife-carrying World championship has become popular |
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D．tell us something about the Wife-carrying World championship |
Dogs have an understanding of fair play and become angry if they feel that another dog is getting a better deal, a new study has found.
The study looked at how dogs react when a companion is rewarded for the same trick in an unequal way. Friederike Range, a researcher at the University of Vienna in Austria, and her colleagues did a series of experiments with dogs who knew how to respond to the command “give the paw “. The dogs were normally happy to repeatedly give the paw, whether they got a reward or not. But that changed if they saw that another dog was being rewarded with a piece of food, while they received nothing.
“We found that the dogs hesitated significantly longer when obeying the command to give the paw,” the researchers write. The unrewarded dogs eventually stopped cooperating.
Scientists have long known that humans pay close attention to inequity. But researchers always assumed that animals didn’t share the trait. “The argument was that this is a uniquely human phenomenon,” says Frans de Waal, a professor of psychology at Emory University in Atlanta.
That changed in 2003 when he and a colleague did a study on monkeys. The monkeys had to hand a small rock to researchers to get a piece of cucumber in return. They were happy to do this. But if they saw that another monkey was getting a more delicious reward, a grape, for doing the same job, they would throw away the food and rock, and at some point just stopped performing.
In that experiment, the monkeys considered the fairness of two different types of payment. But when Range and her colleagues did a similar study with their trained dogs, testing to see if dogs would become upset if they only got dark bread when other dogs received sausage, they found that as long as the dogs got some kind of food payment, even if it wasn’t the most delicious kind, the animals would play along.
1.How did the dogs in Range’s study react to the order of “giving the paw”?
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A．They took the order even without being rewarded. |
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B．They took the order only when rewarded. |
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C．They turned a deaf ear to repeated orders. |
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D．They hesitated longer when given repeated orders. |
2. The research by Frans De Waal in 2003 ___________.
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A．originated from Range’s research on dogs. |
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B．showed that animals do pay attention to inequity. |
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C．began the argument that only humans are aware of inequity. |
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D．was conducted to find out how monkeys reacted to humans’ orders. |
3. Some monkeys in the research become angry because they found another monkey _______.
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A．was given less work. |
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B．was given more food. |
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C．was given the same type of food. |
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D．was given more delicious food. |
4. Range found that, compared with monkeys, dogs ____________.
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A．care more about whether they are rewarded. |
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B．care less about what they are rewarded with. |
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C．care more about what they are ordered to do. |
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D．care less about who gives them orders. |
5. What is the main idea of the passage?
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A．Animals have various ways to show their anger. |
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B．Dogs are less intelligent than monkeys. |
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C．Dogs have a sense of fairness. |
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D．Most animals want to be rewarded equally. |
February 28th, 2009 2:54 am GMT
I have to say that am shocked at just how bad the new music is. This cannot be the same band that produced great albums such as HTDAAB and ATYCLB! This is awful! They either do not care anymore, or have completely lost it. I never thought U2 would become irrelevant, but they have officially become one of those bands that you will now say, “Remember when they were great?”
----- Posted by Ronald Harris
February 28th, 2009 8:29 pm GMT
Total drivel, Mr Harris. The new album is great, far better than the safe, cynical HTDAAB and ATYCLB. U2 have become inventive again, like they were in the 1990s. thank goodness!
----- Posted by Dan
March 3rd, 2009 12:09 pm GMT
Agree, Dan. The new album is the best since Actung Baby. Magnificent is an anthem in the waiting, Breathe is unbelievable, and Stand Up Comedy is absolutely outstanding----- to name just three! Loving the new sound, pure class as usual.
----- Posted by Martin
March 4th, 2009 7:43 pm GMT
Totally agree with you guys. This album is unbelievable. Breathe is definitely a great song, same with Moment of Surrender. I bet their upcoming tour will be amazing. If you haven’t bought the CD yet, you should. I bought mine on Amozon.com for $3.99. I couldn’t believe it.
----- Posted by Josh Briggs
1.According to Ronald Harris, U2’s new album is _________.
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A．pretty good |
B．so bad |
C．the same as before |
D．completely fresh |
2. whose comment is contrary to the others?
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A．Martin’s |
B．Dan’s |
C．Josh Briggs’ |
D．Ronald Harris’ |
3.Martin and Josh Briggs both like the song _________.
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A．Magnificent |
B．Moment of Surrender |
C．Breathe |
D．Stand Up Comedy |
4. Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage?
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A．Most fans felt disappointed at the new album. |
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B．The new album is available on the Internet. |
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C．The people who made comments are fans of U2. |
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D．U2’s upcoming tour may be a great success. |
5.The passage is most probably from ________.
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A．a concert poster |
B．a TV review |
C．a newspaper |
D．the Internet |
My husband and I are both musicians. I took it 36 granted that one day our daughter Holly would learn to play an instrument.
In 2000 Holly fell 37 and the doctor said she may have been left 38 deaf. “She won’t be able to hear music in any shape or form,” said the doctor. It was a great 39 .
In 2001, her right ear was fitted with a cochlear implant --- electronic equipment that provides a sense of 40 for people who are completely deaf. Seven years later, another was fitted in her 41 ear. The doctors played us a model of what music would sound like to Holly --- I was horrified 42 it was just white noise.
“Holly will hear music,” I 43 saying to myself. I tried to put what had gone wrong right, so we constantly 44 words and sounds to her. She has been having lessons since she was seven . she’s 45 all the time. I’m always surprised by just how much better she does.
When she 46 a national piano competition, the adjudicator 47 Holly for appearing to listen to the sounds she was making --- her whole body, he said to us, was 48 in the process of making music.
I 49 that the model we originally heard of how music sounds with a cochlear implant isn’t 50 holly hears it. The brain is complex and adapts to many 51 ;in some way, Holly has made 52 of it all. She loves life. She doesn’t think about what happened to her and says 53 , “I don’t want to talk about bad things. Let’s talk about good things.”
I was determined that her life would not be 54 by a miserable event, but never imagined that she could 55 what she has. I can only describe this as a miracle.
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In , when he was in , he went abroad to study in America.
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A．the 1980s; his twenties |
B．1980s; the twenties |
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C．the 1980s; the twenties |
D．1980s; his twenties |
Why didn't you the problem at the meeting so that we could discuss it together?
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A．bring in |
B．bring up |
C．bring off |
D．bring on |
