完形填空(共15小题；每小题2分．满分30分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意．然后从1—15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Shopping habits in the United States have changed greatly in the last quarter of the 20th century. Early in the 1900s most American towns and cities had a Main Street. Main Street was always in the heart of a town. This street was 1 on both sides with many 2 businesses. Here, shoppers walked into stores to look at all sorts of merchandise: clothing, furniture, hardware, groceries. 3 , some shops offered 4 .These shops included drugstores, restaurants, shoe-repair stores, and barber or hairdressing shops. 5 in the 1950s, a change began to 6 .Too many automobiles had crowded into Main Street while too few parking places were 7 shoppers. Because the streets were crowded, merchants began to look with interest at the open spaces 8 the city limits. Open space is what their car-driving customers needed.
And open space is what they got when the first shopping centre was built. Shopping centres, or rather malls, 9 as a collection of small new stores 10 crowded city centres. 11 by hundreds of free parking space, customers were drawn away from 11 areas to outlying malls. And the growing 12 of shopping centres led 13 to the building of bigger and better stocked stores. By the late 1970s, many shopping malls had almost developed into small cities themselves. In addition to providing the 15 of one stop shopping, malls were transformed into landscaped parks, with benches, fountains, and outdoor entertainment.
1. A. built B. designed C. intended D. lined
2. A. varied B. various C. sorted D. mixed up
3. A. Apart from B. However C. In addition D. As well
4. A. medical care B. food C. cosmetics D. services
5. A. suddenly B. Abruptly C. Contrarily D. But
6. A. be taking place B. take place C. be taken place D. have taken place
7. A. available for B. available to C. used by D. ready for
8. A. over B. from C. out of D. outside
9. A. started B. founded C. set up D. organized
10. A. out of B. away from C. next to D. near
11. A. Attracted B. Surprised C. Delighted D. Enjoyed
12. A. inner B .central C. shopping D. downtown
13. A. distinction B. fame C. popularity D. liking
14. A. on B. in turn C. by turns D. further
15. A. cheapness B. readiness C. convenience D. handiness
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
The Nigerian postal service has witnessed a reduction in the number of letters sent, especially by individuals, due to the alternatives of email and text.
“People prefer these over letters, because of the speed, although letters serve many purposes, other than conveying of messages", said Barry Varley Tipton, principal of Cherry Field College.
But some people think that the vanishing(逐渐消失的) art of letter writing has grave (严重的) consequences for students, teachers, the economy, society and the beauty of reading from loved ones, because letters in those days usually had a variety of styles .
A lover of letters writing, Hajiya Aisha refers to the occasions she has seen people enraged, because their connections at a cyber cafe took 56 seconds rather than the usual 36 hours. She says, “Although letters are slow, waiting for something good is not wholly a bad thing. Nothing beats a hand written letter.”
"When I was a graduate studying overseas twenty five years ago, my mother wrote to me daily. It was wonderful to receive those letters. They often said nothing more than everyone was thinking of me. I continue this tradition with several friends who are scattered worldwide. Hand written letters show the love that we have for family and friends. Email cannot replace the smile of actually getting the letter. The warm, sincere thank- you note, or the sweetly scented love letter we usually received and sent in those days is irreplaceable" she said.
Will electronic age stamps replace letters? Hopefully not, since it takes with it a culture rich in colour, history, and communication. Letters, like bits of ourselves, deserve to be stored away for future readers, giving them insight into details as small as the price and pattern of stamps, and as great as personal insights exchanged long ago.
【写作内容】
1. 以约30词概括以上短文的主要内容：
2. 然后以约120个词以“Will written letters die out ?”为主题写一篇短文，并包括如下要点：
(1)有些人认为用手机收发短信和用因特网收发邮件更加方便快捷，写信很费时间
(2)有些人喜欢和朋友或家人写信
(3)你的观点
【写作要求】
1. 你可以使用实例或其他论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用阅读材料中的句子
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称
【评分标准】
概括准确、语言规范、内容合适，篇章连贯。 (请在答题纸上作答)
你是李华。最近，很多杂志和报刊都在探讨“低碳生活”的理念，你对此很感兴趣。
【写作内容】
请根据以下中文提纲，向《未来生活》报社专栏“Dear Ann”写一封信，表达自己对节约能源的理解。
1．我们需要适当改变我们的行为习惯
2．我们需要购买节能产品，减少使用时间
3、我们要多种树，降低温室气体对大气的影响
4．树木能吸收二氧化碳，有助抵消汽车尾气
5．我们要养成随手关灯的习惯；降低能源浪费
【写作要求】
1．只能使用5个句子表达全部的内容
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计算在5个句子之内
3．参考词汇：carbon dioxide二氧化碳 atmosphere大气
【评分标准】
句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。
Dear Ann,
I’m writing to tell you about my opinion on what we can do to save energy for a better future.
In short, if everyone cares about our earth, our efforts will make a difference.
Best wishes
Li Hua(请在答题纸上作答)
下面是美国著名游记作家Bill Bryson的几本作品，首先请阅读它们的封面信息：
|
A. |
A Walk in the Woods: Rediscovering America on the Appalachian Trail |
B. |
The Lost Continent: Travels in Small-Town America |
C. |
I’m a Stranger Here Myself: Notes on Returning to America after 20 Years Away |
|
D. |
The Road Less Traveled: 1000 Amazing Places off the Tourist Trail |
E. |
Neither Here nor There: Travels in Europe |
F. |
The English Landscape: Its Character and Diversity |
下面是对这几本书的简要介绍，请把它们对应的封面信息找出来：
1. In this collection, Bill Bryson is writing from home. We find he assesses life both in New England and in the contemporary United States. With the telescopic perspective(远望视角) of one who has stepped out of the American mainstream and come back after 20 years, Bryson holds the mirror up to U.S. culture and feel strange to his motherland.
2.This book is a guide to the world’s unspoilt sights and experiences. It presents one thousand fresh and fascinating alternatives to hundreds of well-known tourist destinations and sights, including alternatives to the Carnival in Rio and the beaches of Thailand, the most-visited national parks, over-rated restaurants and holiday sites.
3.Returning to the U.S. after 20 years in England, Bill Bryson decided to reconnect with his mother country by hiking the length of the 2100-mile Appalachian Trail. Awed by merely the camping section of his local sporting goods store, he still goes into the wilderness and learns hard lessons about self-reliance.
4. A travelogue by Bill Bryson is as close to a sure thing as funny books get. This book is no exception. Following an urge to rediscover his youth, the author leaves his native Des Moines, Iowa, in a journey that takes him to across 38 states in the country, which is like a small town in his opinion.
5.Born in Iowa, Bryson backpacked through Europe as a young man. While living in England some 20 years later, he revisited many of the same places from arctic Norway’s northern lights to romantic Capri in Italy. Here he jumps back and forth between old memories and new experiences.
A Charlotte, N.C., man was charged with first-degree murder of a 79-year-old woman whom police said he scared to death. In an attempt to evade policemen after a bank robbery, the Associated Press reports that 20-year-old Larry Whitfield broke into the home of Mary Parnell. Police say he didn’t touch Parnell but that she died after suffering a heart attack that was caused by terror. Can the guy be held responsible for the woman’s death? Prosecutors(公诉人) said that he can under the state’s murder rule, which allows someone to be charged with murder if he or she causes another person’s death while committing or fleeing from a severe crime like robbery—even if he or she doesn’t kill someone on purpose.
But, medically speaking, can someone actually be frightened to death? We asked Martin Samuels, chairman of the neurology department at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston.
Absolutely, no question about it.
The body has a natural protective method called the fight-or-flight response(战或逃反应), which was originally described by Walter Cannon，the chairman of Harvard University’s physiology department from 1906 to 1942. If, in the wild, an animal is faced with a life-threatening situation, the autonomic nervous system responds by increasing heart rate, increasing blood flow to the muscles, and slowing digestion, among other things. All of this increases the chances of succeeding in a fight or running away from an aggressive beast. This process certainly would be of help to primitive humans. However, in the modern world there is obvious decline of the fight-or-flight response.
The autonomic nervous system uses the chemical messenger to send signals to various parts of the body to activate the fight-or-flight response. This chemical is toxic in large amounts; it damages the organs such as the heart, lungs, liver and kidneys. It is believed that almost all sudden deaths are caused by damage to the heart. There is almost no other organ that would fail so fast as to cause sudden death. Kidney failure, liver failure, those things don’t kill you suddenly.
By the way, any strong positive or negative emotions such as happiness or sadness can cause the same result. There are people who have died in intercourse or in religious passion. There was a case of a golfer who hit a hole in one, turned to his partner and said, “I can die now”, and then he dropped dead. For about seven days after the 9/11 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon there was an increase of sudden cardiac death among New Yorkers.
1.Why the Charlotte, N.C., man was charged?
A. Because he threatened the policemen to kill an old woman.
B. Because he caused an old woman’s terror and she died.
C. Because he beat an old woman and caused her heart attack
D. Because he murdered an old woman while robbing a bank.
2. What is Martin Samuels’ attitude to the possibility of being frightened to death?
A. Approval. B. Disapproval. C. Doubtful. D. Indifferent.
3.Which of the following about the fight-or-flight response is true?
A. The fight-or-flight response was raised and proved by Martin A. Samuels.
B. It is a natural protective method that can’t be found in all creatures but humans.
C. The ancient humans had a superior fight-or-flight response than modern ones.
D. The fight-or-flight response is beneficial to both our actions and organs.
4. What activity can we infer is less likely to damage the organs?
A. Winning a big lottery. B. Missing a dead family.
C. Watching a horror movie. D. Listening to a sweet song.
5.The purpose of the passage is_________.
A. to explain why people will die of a heart attack
B. to offer some advice on protecting us from heart failure
C. to compare different kinds of feelings to cause a death
D. to show strong emotions can cause a sudden death
When I was growing up, I had an old neighbor named Dr. Gibbs. He didn’t look like any doctor I’d ever known. He never yelled at us for playing in his yard. I remember him as someone who was a lot nicer than most of the adults in our community.
When Dr. Gibbs wasn’t saving lives, he was planting trees. His house sat on ten acres, and his life’s goal was to make it a forest.
The good doctor had some interesting theories concerning plant care and growth. He never watered his new trees, which flew in the face of conventional wisdom. Once I asked why. He said that watering plants spoiled them so that each successive tree generation would grow weaker and weaker. So you have to make things rough for them and weed out(淘汰) the weaker trees early on. He talked about how watering trees made for shallow roots, and how trees that weren’t watered had to grow deep roots in search of moisture. I took him to mean that deep roots were to be treasured.
So he never watered his trees. He planted an oak and, instead of watering it every morning, he beat it with a rolled-up newspaper. Smack! Slap! Pow! I asked him why he did that, and he said it was to get the tree’s attention.
Dr. Gibbs passed away a couple of years after I left home. Every now and again, I walked by his house and looked at the trees that I’d watched him plant some twenty-five years ago. They’re extremely tall, big and robust since they have deep roots now. However, the trees in my garden trembled in a cold wind although I had watered them for several years.
It seems that adversity(逆境) and suffering benefit these trees in ways comfort and ease never could. I stood there deep in thought.
Every night before I go to bed, I check on my two sons. I stand over them and watch their little bodies, the rising and falling of life within. I often pray for them. Mostly I pray that their lives will be easy. But I think that it’s time to change my prayer(祷词) because now I know my children are going to encounter hardship.
1.According to Dr. Gibbs’ theories, trees will become weaker if they _________.
A. are lack of care B. are watered C. are weeded out D. are beaten
2.According to Para.3 and Para.4, we can infer that Dr. Gibbs’ motto(座右铭) may be .
A. “Seeing is believing” B. “Put everything in proper use”
C. “Practice makes perfect” D. “No pain, no gain”
3.The underlined word robust in Para.5 most probably means _________.
A. strong B. strange C. deep D. old
4.Which of the following may be the author’s best prayer for his two sons now?
A. I wish them strong wings, with which they can fly higher and touch the sky.
B. I wish them nice fortune so that they can meet people like Dr. Gibbs in the future.
C. I wish them deep roots into the earth since the rains fall and the winds blow often.
D. I wish them great shades under the tree since the sunlight is always sharp and bitter.
5.Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?
A. A Nice Doctor B. The Deep Roots C. Adversity and Suffering D. My Childhood Memory
