So long as teachers fail to distinguish(区别, 辨认) between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that“ reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible”.
Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also public activity. It can be seen and observed.
Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public observation.
If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable ,what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the quest（探索）for knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. “Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children. ”
When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfill them properly, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated(除去, 剔除). Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of leaning to read by reading.
1.The problem with the reading course as mentioned in the first paragraph is that _______.
A. it is one of the most difficult school courses B. students spend endless hours in reading
C. reading tasks are assigned with little guidance D. too much time is spent in teaching about reading
2.The teaching of reading will be successful if _______________.
A. teachers can improve conditions at school for the students
B. teachers can enable students to develop their own way of reading
C. teachers can devise the most efficient system for reading
D. teachers can make their teaching activities observable
3.According to the passage, learning to read will no longer be a difficult task when ______________.
A. children become highly motivated
B. teacher and learner roles are interchangeable
C. teaching helps children in the search for knowledge
D. reading enriches children’s experience
4.The main idea of the passage is that ______________.
A. teachers should do as little as possible in helping students learn to read
B. teachers should encourage students to read as widely as possible
C. reading ability is something acquired rather than taught
D. reading is more complicated that generally believed
A caring mother is the single most important factor in preventing teenagers from abusing(滥用)drugs and alcohol，researchers said on Friday. An international study showed that teenagers living with both parents are less likely to suffer from alcohol and drug problems，and a strong maternal bond is the most effective way to fight against them.
“These findings suggest that living with both parents may prevent drug use．”said Dr.McArdle，of Newcastle University in northern England, who led the study. “They also suggest that attachment(感情眷念)，particularly to mothers，is a more effective factor and that this is truly across cultures and substances.” The report, which is published in the journal Addiction, involved nearly 4,000 teenagers in England，Ireland，Italy，Germany and the Netherlands. They were questioned about their use of several kinds of drugs and alcohol. The teenagers also filled in questionnaires about their relationship with their parents and grandparents, how well they were supervised(监护)after school and whether they were allowed to meet friends at home.
“Both the quality of family relationships and the structure of families have significant influences on youth drug use,” McArdle said in a statement. But he added that a strong maternal bond offered the greatest protection against developing drug habits. The rate of drug abuse among teenagers living with both parents and who had a good relationship with their mother was 16.6 percent. If either factor was missing, the drug abuse rate rose to 32 percent．More than 42 percent of teenagers living in one parent families who did not have a strong bond with their mother used drugs．
Drug prevention campaigns in British schools and on television warn teenagers about the danger of drugs and alcohol but McArdle said no one is dealing with the problem of their parents’ responsibility
1.The phrase“maternal bond” appears twice in this passage. Guess its meaning__________．
A.物质的奖励 B.母亲的约束 C．法律的制裁 D.学校的指导
2.According to McArdle,which is most likely to have the drug abuse problem_________?
A.16-year-old Tom from a happy big family
B.17-year-old Kate supervised by her single mother．
C.18-year-old Juliet living with her single father．
D.19-year-old Mark cared by his parents.
3.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage__________?
A. Teenagers with both parents won’t have the drug use problem.
B. Teenagers from several countries filled in the questionnaire.
C. Teenagers were asked about their relationship with parents．
D. Teenagers in British schools are warned against drugs abuse.
4.The last paragraph suggests that________.
A. schools should answer for the drug problem
B. television and media are to blame
C. parents and the society are responsible for the drug problem
D. mothers are the cause of youth drug use．
One of the big challenges that students face in applying to universities abroad is writing the application essay．
The essay topics all have something in common. They attempt to get at what type of person you are, what motivates you，and what you feel passion for. In a single 500-word piece of writing，
admissions officers(招生负责人)attempt to gather all about you. So your task is of your personality on the essay and make yourself special.
You can try and guess what the admissions officers like. But that won’t work．The essay will sound empty and become another dull piece of writing，which admissions officers get thousands of each year．
It is true that admissions officers aren’t exactly looking for anything. The answer is just as open-ended as the question itself. If they ask for someone who has inspired you, it could be anyone. It could be a grandmother, a teacher, or even a character from a movie. A lot of people will say their dad. But since you really feel it, you’ll have a lot to write about.
There are some important things to remember．These admissions officers want good writers. You don't have to be Ernest Hemingway, but you have to be able to form an interesting story．That means revision(校对)and editing，cutting out stupid grammar mistakes，reading it over several times，leaving it for a few days and looking at it again. Whatever you do, make sure the essay is as good as possible.
Also，you should use exciting language and really make the reader feel the same passion as you do. It also means finding something unique about your point of view, something that other people might not think of．For example，if you want to write about your dad, you can focus on a specific anecdote(趣闻)about him .Admissions officers love personal stories that ring true．
1.The purpose of the passage is to give advice on how to_________.
A. choose an essay topic B. read the officers’ minds
C. be a good writer D write an effective application
2.The underlined part of paragraph 2 suggests that you__________.
A. stick enough stamps before posting your application essay
B. write something unique in an essay to impress the readers
C. take the task of showing off yourself seriously
D. pay attention to your personal essay
3. When admissions officers ask who has inspired you，they mean to________.
A. know about your family members B. understand you better
C. find out what your father does D. discover your personal affairs
4. According to the writer, it is wise to produce an essay with__________.
A.500 beautiful words B. many funny things C. truthful specific stories D. indirect answers
Carmen’s mother Maria had just survived a serious heart attack. But without a heart transplant(移植)her life was in constant 21 .
Both the mother and daughter knew that the chances were very 22 : finding a donor heart that 23 Maria’s blood type could take years. 24 , Carmen was determined to save her mother. She kept 25 hospitals all over the country.
Days stretched out. By Christmas, Maria had trouble 26 from one end of the room to the other. Carmen lost all hope. She fell into a 27 of the hospital, crying.
“Are you okay?” a man asked.
Carmen sobbed as she told the stranger her 28 . This middle-aged man was named Frank, whose wife, Cheryl, a tender and devoted mother of four lovely children, had been in hospital with a brain disease and wouldn’t 29 it through the night. Suddenly, an idea came to Frank’s mind. He knew Cheryl had always wanted to 30 something from herself. Could her 31 go to Carmen’s mother?
After reviewing the data, doctors 32 Frank that his wife’s heart was by some miracle a perfect 33 for Carmen’s mother. They were able to 34 the transplant.
That cold night, when Cheryl was 35 dead, Frank came to knock at Maria’s door. She was 36 for Frank’s family as she had been doing every day recently. Though Maria had never met Frank before, they both felt a strange 37 as they hugged and cried.
On New Year’s Eve, Carmen attended Cheryl’s 38 with Frank’s family, who were singing their favorite song “My heart will go on.”
One day later, on New Year’s Day, Maria 39 with Cheryl’s heart. Yes, Cheryl’s loving heart would go on, for it was 40 in another loving mother’s chest.
1.A. change B. danger C. disorder D. pain
2.A. small B. distant C. hard D. precious
3.A. matched B. replaced C. controlled D. cooperated
4.A. Certainly B. Otherwise C. However D. So
5.A. finding B. phoning C. touring D. interrupting
6.A. rolling B. running C. walking D. jumping
7.A. corner B. bed C. man D. nurse
8.A. mother B. story C. error D. dream
9.A. put B. support C. pass D. make
10.A. save B. recycle C. donate D. separate
11.A. heart B. brain C. husband D. spirit
12.A. informed B. warned C. congratulated D. reminded
13.A. copy B. fit C. variation D. baby
14.A. give up B. carry out C. search after D. put off
15.A. noticed B. predicted C. found D. declared
16.A. praying B. begging C. decorating D. singing
17.A. belief B. love C. bond D. relief
18.A. funeral B. operation C. performance D. anniversary
19.A. passed away B. woke up C. left behind D. dressed up
20.A. active B. alive C. necessary D. changeable
John, look at the time! _____you play the piano at such a late hour？
A. Shall B. Need C. Must D. May
---I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.
---That’s _______ I don’t agree. You should have a more active life.
A. how B. when C. where D. what
