SHANGHAI - Health experts in Shanghai are calling for more protection for young children as the latest research shows about half of the youngsters are suffering from secondhand smoke.
About 45 percent of children suffer passive smoking in families, 50 percent in public places, and almost 6 percent on public transportation, shows a research released by the Shanghai Children's Medical Center on Tuesday.
"Not only adults but also children and newborn babies are at risk for the adverse effects of passive smoking," said Tang Jingyan, a doctor at the Shanghai Children's Medical Center.
"Actually, those young children whose bodies are still growing and developing are more sensitive to the effects of secondhand smoke."
Research has shown that children who are exposed to secondhand smoke will suffer from more colds, coughs and sore throats, and they are more likely to suffer from bronchitis, pneumonia and will have a higher risk of developing cancer.
Doctors even suggested that children suffering passive smoking are more likely to have behavioral problems and may not develop mentally as quickly as their peers.
Other research by the Shanghai Children's Medical Center has found that more than 80 percent of child patients in the center live in a smoke-filled household, where one or both parents smoke.
"Though doctors have stressed the harm of passive smoking over and over, it is still hard to reach a totally 'smoke free' home," said a pediatrician named Zhang Yiwen, noting that parents are often tempted to smoke even though they have learned the harmful effects of secondhand smoke.
China has 540 million people suffering from passive smoke, 180 million of them younger than 15. The age of smokers is also getting lower, earlier reports said.
"There are more young smokers than before. You can see young people wearing a school uniform and carrying a schoolbag light a cigarette on the street. Some of them are even female students," said Jing Xingming, a professor of children's developmental behavior at the center.
"Children like to imitate adults, especially their parents. If parents often smoke at home, it is very likely children will develop a smoking habit, which can cause a vicious circle," Jin said.
Reports from the Ministry of Health said China has about 350 million smokers, of whom 15 million are underage smokers. Also, around 40 million of the country's 130 million children aged between 13 and 18 had tried smoking, and 15 million had become addicted to tobacco.
1.What is the main idea of the passage?
A. About half of the youngsters are suffering from secondhand smoke.
B. Experts are calling for more protection for youngsters from smoking.
C. More and more youngsters are picking up the habit of smoking.
D. Smoking does great harm to the health of the youngsters.
2.What kind of the youngsters most possibly develop a habit of smoking?
A. Children of non-smoking mothers. B. Children of non-smoking fathers.
C. Children of heavy smokers. D. Children from some smoking centers.
3. Which of the following disease may not be connected with secondhand smoking?
A. Cancer. B. Behavioral problems. C. Sore throats. D. Coughs.
4. The underlined word “vicious” in the last paragraph but one most probably means ___________.
A. complete B. simple C. great D. bad
5.What can be inferred from the passage?
A. About 80% of the children in the Shanghai Children's Medical Center smoke heavily.
B. About 45 percent of children suffer passive smoking in the Shanghai Children's Medical Center.
C. About 540 million people are heavy smokers in China.
D. Children aged between 13 to 18 are more likely addicted to smoking.
Gandhi, an Indian national hero, was honored 1. the father of the Indian nation. He has been respected and beloved by the Indians.
He was born in India in 1869. Following the local custom, he got 2. at the age of 13. In 1888 he sailed to England, 3. he studied law for three years and became a lawyer. On his return to India, he was sent to South Africa to work on a law case.
In South Africa he was surprised to find that the problem of racial discrimination(��������)was serious. There he formed an organization and started a magazine to fight 4. equal rights.
Gandhi returned to India in 1915, when India was controlled by the British. He led the Indians to fight for an end to the British rule and 5. for his country. In the political movement many Indians including Gandhi were put in prison. 6., the struggles never stopped. The British government had to give 7. and India became an independent country in 1947. 8. , Gandhi was shot by an Indian who opposed his views and died on January 30th,1948.
Carmen’s mother Maria had just survived a serious heart attack. But without a heart transplant her life was in constant 36 .
Both the mother and daughter knew that the chances were very small: finding a donor heart that 37 Maria’s blood type could take years. However, Carmen was determined to save her mother. She kept 38 hospitals all over the country.
Days stretched out. By Christmas, Maria had trouble 39 from one end of the room to the other. Carmen lost all hope. She fell into a corner of the hospital, crying.
“Are you okay?” a man asked.
Carmen sobbed as she told the stranger her story. This middle-aged man was named Frank, whose wife, Cheryl, a tender and devoted mother of four lovely children, had been in hospital with a brain disease and wouldn’t 40 it through the night. Suddenly, an idea came to Frank’s mind. He knew Cheryl had always wanted to 41 something from herself. Could her heart go to Carmen’s mother?
After reviewing the data, doctors 42 Frank that his wife’s heart was by some miracle a perfect fit for Carmen’s mother. They were able to 43 the transplant.
That cold night, when Cheryl was declared dead, Frank came to knock at Maria’s door. She was 44 for Frank’s family as she had been doing every day recently. Though Maria had never met Frank before, they both felt a strange bond as they hugged and cried.
On New Year’s Eve, Carmen attended Cheryl’s 45 with Frank’s family, who were singing their favorite song “My heart will go on.”
One day later, on New Year’s Day, Maria 46 with Cheryl’s heart. Yes, Cheryl’s loving heart would go on, for it was 47 in another loving mother’s chest.
1.A. change B. danger C. disorder D. pain
2.A. matched B. replaced C. controlled D. cooperated
3.A. finding B. phoning C. touring D. interrupting
4.A. rolling B. running C. walking D. jumping
5.A. put B. support C. pass D. make
6.A. save B. recycle C. donate D. separate
7.A. informed B. warned C. congratulated D. reminded
8.A. give up B. carry out C. search after D. put off
9.A. praying B. begging C. decorating D. singing
10.A. funeral B. operation C. performance D. anniversary
11.A. passed away B. woke up C. left behind D. dressed up
12.A. active B. alive C. necessary D. changeable
I would appreciate _______ you could give me some advice on TOFEL test.
A. that when B. it whether C. it if D. that if
— Tom looks nervous.
— So you if you had so fierce a competition.
A. do B. did C. will D. would
Bob Geldof, who organized Live Aid, ______ to raise money for the famine and it ______ to be a great success.
A. intended; turned out B. tried; turned over
C. hoped; turned in D. wished; turned up
