Further education is officially described as the“post-secondary stage of education， comprising all vocational(职业的) and non-vocational provision made for young people who have left school， or for adults”. Further education thus embraces the vast range of university， technical， commercial， and art education and the wide field of adult education. It is this sector of education， which is concerned with education beyond the normal school-leaving ages of 16 or 18， that has experienced the most astonishing growth in the number of students.
In the 19th century the dominance(统治地位) of Oxford and Cambridge was challenged by the rise of the civic(城市的) universities， such as London， Manchester， and Birmingham. Following the lead of the 18th century German universities and responding to a public demand for increased opportunity for higher education， Britain’s new civic universities quickly acquired recognition—not only in technological fields but also in the fine and liberal arts.
Many new post-school technical colleges were founded in the early 20th century. The Fisher Act of 1918 empowered the local authorities to levy(征收) a rate (tax) to finance such colleges. The universities， on the other hand， received funds from the central government through the University Grants Committee， established in 1911 and recognized in 1920， after World War I.
A new type of technical college was established in the 1960s—the polytechnic， which provides mainly technological courses of university level as well as courses of a general kind in the arts and sciences. Polytechnics are chartered to award degrees validated(使有效) by a Council for National Academic Awards.
Thus， the third level in the United Kingdom is made up of colleges of further education， technical colleges， polytechnics， and universities. The colleges offer full-time and part-time courses beyond compulsory-school level. Polytechnics and universities are mainly responsible for degrees and research. The innovative Open University， with its flexible admission policy and study arrangements， opened in 1971. It uses various media to provide highly accessible and flexible higher education for working adults and other part-time students. It serves as an organizational model and provides course-materials for similar institutions in other countries.
Changes in British education in the second half of the 20th century have， without changing the basic values in the system， extended education by population， level， and content. New areas for expansion include immigrant cultural groups and multicultural content， the accommodation of special needs， and the development of tools and content in the expanding fields of microelectronics.
1.The first paragraph is written to explain of further education.
A.the development B.the history
C.the definition D.the prospects(前景)
2.The new civic universities in Britain .
A.replaced the dominance of Oxford and Cambridge
B.provided further education for all the people who need it
C.met the increased demand of the public for higher education
D.immediately followed the establishment of polytechnic colleges
3.Post-school technical colleges .
A.were completely free of charge
B.were usually financed by local taxes
C.depended mainly on students’ tuition(学费)
D.received funds from the central government
4. Further education is .
A.only for adult students
B.part-time rather than full-time
C.non-vocational rather than vocational
D.created for both young people and adults
5.The proper title for this passage should be “ ”.
A.British Further Education
B.Changes in British Education
C.Polytechnics and Universities in Britain
D.Less Opportunity for Higher Education
Complete the following passage by filling in each blank with one word that best fits the context.
On November 2nd San Francisco became the first major US city to pass a law on controlling give-away toys with unhealthy restaurant meals marketed at kids.
1.______law will take effect on December 1， 2011. It is required that kids’ meals
2.
meet certain nutritional standards 3. they can be sold with free toys.
McDonald’s officials were angry with the decision，4. effectively bans their popular Happy Meals.
But supporters say5. aims to promote healthy habits while combating child obesity(肥胖). “This is a challenge to the restaurant industry to think about children’s health first，” said San Francisco Supervisor Eric Mar.
About 15 percent of American 6. are overweight or obese， which puts them 7. risk of developing heart disease， cancer， etc. In some states， the childhood obesity rate is over 30 percent.
McDonald’s started to sell the Happy Meals in 1979 with toys. In 2006， fast-food companies spent more than $520 million on advertising and toys to promote meals 8. children， according to the US government.
Many people now think that teachers give pupils too much homework. They say that it is 36 for children to work at home in their free time. 37 ， they argue that most teachers do not 38 plan the homework tasks they give to pupils. The result is that pupils have to 39 tasks which they have already done at school.
Recently in Greece， many parents 40 about the difficult homework which teachers gave to their children. The parents said that most of the homework was a waste of time， and they wanted to 41 it. Spain and Turkey are two countries which stopped homework recently. In Denmark， Germany and several other countries in Europe， teachers cannot 42 homework at weekends. In Holland， teachers allow pupils to stay at school to do their homework. The children are 43 to help one another. Similar 44 also exists in some British schools.
Most people agree that homework is not 45 . A pupil who can do his homework in a quiet and 46 room is in a much better position than a pupil who does his homework in a small， noisy room with the television on. Some parents help their children with their homework. Other parents take no 47 at all in their children’s homework.
1.A.unnecessary B.uninteresting C.unfortunate D.unimportant
2.A.Nevertheless B.However C.Therefore D.Moreover
3.A.considerably B.favorably C.properly D.pleasantly
4.A.finish B.repeat C.attend D.accomplish
5.A.quarreled B.puzzled C.explored D.complained
6.A.delay B.stop C.block D.prove
7.A.design B.draft C.do D.set
8.A.forbidden B.free C.desperate D.afraid
9.A.schedule B.mistake C.arrangement D.behavior
10.A.fair B.average C.balanced D.comparative
11.A.furnished B.expensive C.comfortable D.suitable
12.A.interest B.curiosity C.notice D.attention
—Are you glad that you came to Changsha？
—Yes，indeed. I going to Shanghai or Shenzhen， but I’ve never regretted my decision.
A.have considered B.am considering
C.had considered D.was considering
was to blame.
A.The parents as well as their child B.Not the parents but their child
C.Neither the child nor his parents D.Both the parents and their child
Do you expect to be a possibility that we shall be able to afford the particular furniture we need？
A. it B.there C.that D.one
