Grown-ups know that people and objects are solid. At the movies, we know that if we reach out to touch Tom Cruise, all we will feel is air. But does a baby have this understanding?
To see whether babies know objects are solid, T. Bower designed a method for projecting an optical illusion（视觉影像） of a hanging ball. His plan was to first give babies a real ball, one they could reach out and touch, and then to show them the illusion. If they knew that objects are solid and they reached out for the illusion and found empty air, they could be expected to show surprise in their faces and movements. All the 16-to 24- week -old babies tested were surprised when they reached for the illusion and found that the ball was not there.
Grown-ups also have a sense of object permanence. We know that if we put a box in a room and lock the door, the box will still be there when we come back. But does a baby realize that a ball that rolls under a chair does not disappear and go to never-never land?
Experiments done by Bower suggest that babies develop a sense of object permanence when they are about 18 weeks old. In his experiments, Bower used a toy train that went behind a screen. When 16-week-old and 22-week-old babies watched the toy train disappear behind the left side of the screen, they looked to the right, expecting it to reappear. If the experimenter took the train off the table and lifted the screen, all the babies seemed surprised not to see the train. This seems to show that all the babies had a sense of object permanence. But the second part of the experiment showed that this was not really the case. The researcher substituted a ball for the train when it went behind the screen. The 22-week-old babies seemed surprised and looked back to the left side for the train. But the 16-week -old babies did not seem to notice the switch. Thus, the 16-week-old babies seemed to have a sense of “something permanence,” while the 22-week-old babies had a sense of object permanence related to a particular object.
1.The passage is mainly about _____.
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A．babies' sense of sight |
B．effects of experiments on babies |
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C．babies' understanding of objects |
D．different tests on babies' feelings |
2.In Paragraph 3, “object permanence” means that when out of sight, an object _____.
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A．still exists |
B．keeps its shape |
C．still stays solid |
D．is beyond reach |
3.What did Bower use in his experiments?
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A．A chair. |
B．A screen. |
C．A film. |
D．A box. |
4.Which of the following statements is true?
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A．The babies didn't have a sense of direction. |
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B．The older babies preferred toy trains to balls. |
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C．The younger babies liked looking for missing objects. |
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D．The babies couldn't tell a ball from its optical illusion. |
The college entrance exam is not only a big challenge (挑战) for Chinese high school students, but also a very important exam in the lives of South Korean students.
Although the long, cold winter has already started in South Korea, the annual (一年一度的) national exams have made the atmosphere very heated.
More than 675,000 South Korean high school graduates took the college entrance exam last Wednesday. They usually take exams in Korean, maths, sociology (社会学), history and foreign languages.
Officially there is one college place for every 1.33 students. But because all the students want to go to the top universities in the country, the competition can reach one place for 10 students. The students want to attend these colleges for both their famous names and better job opportunities.
Because students face fierce competition, they have to study very hard to realize their dreams. Park Seung said he and his classmates often go to school before 7:30 a.m. After school has finished at 6:30 p.m., most of them go to the library to continue their study instead of returning home. Since many libraries in South Korea are open 24 hours a day, they often stay long into the night. Many of the Senior 3 students only sleep for three to four hours a day. “I feel a lot of pressure, but I have to study very hard in order to make my dream come true. This is my lifetime goal and it will be a turning point in my life which could decide my future,” Park said.
The exam day is a very serious day for the whole of South Korea. Vehicles are not allowed within a 200-metre radius (范围) of all the test sites to make sure the students have quiet surroundings. Tooting (吹奏) of horns is forbidden, even airplanes are ordered to avoid landing and take-off near the test sites during listening comprehension test hours.
Students are told their scores in December before they apply for college. This is followed by face-to-face oral tests. There are public and private universities in South Korea. Many private universities are well-known, but their fees can be 18, 000 yuan each term. This has made a lot of students think again.
1.What do we know about South Korean annual national exams?
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A．Senior 3 students have to compete fiercely because there is only one place for 10 students. |
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B．Senior 3 students have to stay long into night at school. |
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C．Many of the Senior 3 students can’t have enough sleep. |
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D．Airplanes are ordered to avoid landing and take-off during national exams. |
2.We can infer that there are almost ________ college places for high school graduates.
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A．675, 000 |
B．507, 520 |
C．500, 000 |
D．600, 000 |
3.The students want to study in top colleges mainly because ________.
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A．they can succeed more easily in future |
B．they can learn more |
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C．they can make more money |
D．it is interesting to study there |
4. Before students are allowed to colleges ________.
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A．they will be interviewed |
B．they will ask questions of colleges |
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C．they will not be tested any more |
D．first they will pay all the education fee at all |
Long bus rides are like television shows. They have a beginning, a middle, and an end with commercials （商业广告） thrown in every three or four minutes. The commercials are unavoidable. They happen whether you want them or not. Every couple of minutes a billboard glides by outside the bus window. "Buy Super Clean Toothpaste. ""Drink Good Wet Root Beer." "Fill up with Pacific Gas." Only if you sleep, which is equal to turning the television set off, are you spared the unending cry of "You Need It! Buy It Now!"
The beginning of the ride is comfortable and somewhat exciting, even if you’ve traveled that way before. Usually some things have changed—new houses, new buildings, sometimes even a new road. The bus driver has a style of driving and it’s fun to try to figure it out the first hour or so. If the driver is particularly reckless （鲁莽的） or daring, the ride can be as thrilling （惊心动魄的） as a suspense story. Will the driver pass the truck in time? Will the driver move into the rightor the lefthand lane? After a while, of course, the excitement dies down. Sleeping for a while helps pass the middle hours of the ride. Food always makes bus rides more interesting. But you’ve got to be careful of what kind of food you eat. Too much salty food can make you very thirsty between stops.
The end of the ride is somewhat like the beginning. You know it will soon be over and there’s a kind of expectation and excitement in that. The seat of course, has become harder as the hours have passed. By now you’ve sat with your legs crossed, with your hands in your lap, with your hands on the armrests even with your hands crossed behind your head. The end comes just at no more ways to sit.
1.According to the passage, what do the passengers usually see when they are on a long bus trip?
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A．Buses on the road. |
B．Films on television. |
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C．Advertisements on the billboards. |
D．Gas stations. |
2.What is the purpose of this passage?
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A．To give the writer’s opinion about long bus trips. |
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B．To persuade you to take a long bus trip. |
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C．To explain how bus trips and television shows differ. |
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D．To describe the billboards along the road. |
3.The writer feels long bus rides are like TV shows because____ .
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A．the commercials both on TV shows and on billboards along the road are fun |
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B．they both have a beginning, a middle, and an end, with commercials in between |
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C．the drivers are always reckless on TV shows just as they are on buses |
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D．both traveling and watching TV are not exciting. |
4.The writer thinks the end of the ride is somewhat like the beginning because both are____ .
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A．exciting |
B．comfortable |
C．tiring |
D．boring |
James sat outside the office waiting for the interview. He felt so ___36___ that he didn’t know what to do with ___37___.The person who had gone in ___38___ him had been there for nearly an hour. And she looked so confident when she went in. ___39__ James. He felt __40___ that she had already got the ___41___. The problem was that he wanted this job ___42__. It meant ___43___ to him. He had ___44___ it such a lot before the day of the interview. He had imagined himself ___45___ brilliantly at the interview and __46___ the job immediately. But now here he was feeling ___47___ .He couldn’t ___48___ all those things he had ___49___ to say. At that moment, he almost decided to get up and ___50___.But no — he had to do this. He had spent so much time considering it that he couldn’t ___51__ like that. His hands were hot and sticky and his mouth felt dry. At last the door of the office opened. The woman who had gone in an hour earlier came out looking very ___52___ with herself. She smiled sympathetically at James. At that moment James ___53___ her . The managing director then appeared at the office door. “Would you like to come in now, Mr. Davis? I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.” James suddenly ___54___ that he had gone home after all. He got up, legs ___55____ and forehead sweating and wondered whether he looked as terrified as he felt.
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Come and see me whenever ______.
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A．you are convenient |
B．you will be convenient |
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C．it is convenient to you |
D．it will be convenient to you |
It is essential that these application forms ______ back as early as possible.
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A．must be sent |
B．will be sent |
C．are sent |
D．be sent |
