Since we are social beings，the quality of our lives depends in a large measure on our interpersonal relationships．One strength of the human condition is our possibility to give and receive support from one another under stressful(有压力的)conditions．Social support makes up of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties．Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to deal with major life changes and daily problems．People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties．Studies over types of illnesses，from depression to heart disease，show that the presence of social support helps people defend themselves against illness，and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely．
Social support cushions stress in a number of ways．First，friends，relatives and co-workers may let us know that they value us．Our self-respect is stengthened when we feel accepted by others in spite of our faults and difficulties．Second，other people often provide us with informational support．They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them．Third．we typically find social companionship supportive．Taking part in free-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting(转移注意力)us f rom our worries and troubles．Finally，other people may give us instrumental support--money aid，material resources，and needed services--that reduces stress by helping us resolve and deal with our problems．
1.What does the word“cushions”mean?
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A．gets rid of |
B．makes up of |
C．takes place of |
D．lessens the effect of |
2.The researches show that people’s physical and mental health_____.
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A．depends on their ability to deal with daily werries and troubles |
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B．is related to their courage for dealing with major life changes |
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C．lies in the social medical care systems which support them |
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D．has much to do with the amount of support they get from others |
3.Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work in spare time is an example of_____.
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A．informational support |
B．social companionship |
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C．the strengthening of self-respect |
D．instrumental support |
4.Why are interpersonal relationships important?
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A．They can cure types of illnesses． |
B．They can deal with life changes． |
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C．they can smooth away daily problems． |
D．They can make people live more easily． |
Perhaps the most astonishing theory to come out of kinetics，the study of body movement,was suggested by Professor Ray Birdwhistell.He believes that physical appearance Is often culturally programmed.In other words,we learn our looks;we are not born with them.
A baby generally unformed facial features.A baby,according to Birdwhistell,learns where to set the eyebrows by looking at those around family and friends．This helps explain why the people of some regions of the United States look so much lilke．New Englanders or Southerners have certain common facial characteristics that cannot be explained by genetics(遗传学)．The exact shape of the mouth is not set at birth,it is learned later．In fact，the final mouth shape is not formed until well after permanent(永久的)teeth are set．For many，this can be well into adolescence(青春期)．A husband and wife together for a long time often come to look somewhat alike．We learn our looks from those around us. This is perhaps why in a single country there are areas where people smile more than those in other areas．In the United States，for example，the South is the part of the country where the people smile most frequently．In New England they smile less，and in the western part of New York State still less．Many Southerners find cities such as New York cold and unfriendly，partly because people on Madison Avenue smile less than people on Peach Tree Street jn Atlanta，Georgia．People in densely(稠密地)populated urban areas also tend to smile and greet each other in public less than people in rural areas and small towns．
1.The passage might be taken out of a book dealing with______
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A．physics |
B．health |
C．chemistry |
D．body movement |
2.Ray Birdwhistell believes that physical appearance_______．
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A．has little to do with culture |
B．is decided by our parents |
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C．can be infiuenced by culture |
D．varies from place to place |
3.Ray Birdwhistell can tell what region of the United States a person is from by .
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A．the way he or she talks |
B．how he or she raises his or her eyebrows |
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C．what he or she likes best |
D．how much he or she laughs |
4.According to the passage，people who live_______are more friendly.
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A．in the north |
B．in the country |
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C．in New York City |
D．in densely populated areas |
Very old people do raise moral problems for almost everyone who comes into touch with them.Their values---this can not be repeated too often--aren’t necessarily our values.Physical comfort,cleanness and order are not necessarily the most important things.The social services from time to time find themselves faced with a room with rotten food covered by small worms,and an old person lying alone on bed,taking no notice of the worms.But is it interrupting personal freedom to insist that they go to live with some of their relatives so that they might be taken better care of? Some social workers,the ones who clear up the worms,think we’re in danger of carrying this idea of personal freedom to the point where serious risks(冒险)are being taken with the health and safety of the old.
Indeed,the old can be easily hurt or harmed.The old is like a car: it needs more mechanical repair as it gets older.You can carry this comparison right through to provision of spare parts.But never forget that such operations are painful experiences,however good the results are.And at what point should you stop to treat the old body?Is it morally right to try to push off death by continuing the development of medicine to excite the forgetful old mind and to make the old body active,knowing that it is designed to die?You cannot ask doctors or scientists to decide,because so long as they can see the technical chances,they will feel it necessary to give them a try,by the rule that while there’s life,there’s hope.
Talking to the old,however,you’re forced to the conclusion that whether age is happy or unpleasant depends less on money or health than it does on your ability to have fun.
1.After reading Paragraph 1，we learn that____.
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A．very old people are able to keep their living places very clean |
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B．old people enjoy living alone so as to have more personal freedom |
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C．every old people enjoy living with their relatives |
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D．social services have nothing to do with very old people |
2.Some social workers think that_____．
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A．old people should keep their living places clean |
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B．one should not take risk dealing with old people |
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C．health and safety are more important than personal freedom |
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D．personal freedom is more important than health and safety |
3.In Paragraph 3，the underlined word“it”refers to____．
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A．one’s memory or health |
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B．the conclusion you have come to |
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C．whether age is happy or unpleasant |
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D．your talk to the old people |
4.The writer of this passage thinks that_______．
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A．it is always morally right to treat old people and push off death |
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B．the opinion that we should try every means possible to save old people is uncertain |
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C．old people can enjoy a happy life only if they are very rich |
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D．medical decisions for old people should be left to the doctors |
In 2004,I was 22 years old and had just come back to Brazil after 14 months in England,holding my Cambridge Proficiency certificate.After nervously 21 a short training course,I began to give classes to my 12 students,all of them older than I was. I 22 hard to remain clam in class and 23 they wouldn't find out how unconfident I felt most of the time.I was quite _24_,actually,until the end of 25 and the night of the final oral test.
The test was going to start at 7 pm,and at 6:50, I_ 26 myself in the teachers bathroom to 27 all the test questions again.I really wanted to learn the 28 by heart so no one would think I was an inexperienced tester.The 29 is,I actually locked myself in the bathroom.I 30 couldn't get out!The bell rang at 7 pm and I could hear the noise in the halls 31 the students went to their rooms.I tried hard to 32 the bathroom door,but failed.
I heard the cleaning lady’s voice and asked for help as 33 as I could, However, she wasn't exactly a thoughtful person, and started 34 ：“Diana’s locked in the bathroom!”Shame had fallen upon me! 35 , the course director, the secretary and some teachers were outside the bathroom trying to get me out, and, 36 ,my students gathered outside too, happily saying things like“Aren’t we 37 ! No test today!”All I could do was 38 , and my entire 39 was waiting for me outside, naughty smiles on their faces.“ 40 ！Teacher.”They said,“We know you are human too!”
They all passed their test.True to the Brazilian style, we all went out for a beer afterwards, and laughed the whole thing off.
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MacDonald who had spent much of his time graduating from college backpacking round Europe,decided last year to settle down.
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A．when |
B．while |
C．since |
D．before |
With no central government,the island was ruled by kings, a different region of the country.
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A．each controlling |
B．each controlled |
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C．each to control |
D．each was controlling |
